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1. A null hypothesis states that there will be a difference on the…
1. A null hypothesis states that there will be a difference on the dependent measure between the control condition and the experimental condition.
Question 1 options:
TRUE
FALSE
Question 2
2. The two branches of statistical methods are intuitive and descriptive.
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FALSE
Question 3
3. If a researcher hypothesizes that a counseling method will decrease anxiety scores, the researcher is conducting a two-tailed test.
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FALSE
Question 4
4. If a null hypothesis is rejected, we can conclude that the results were inconclusive.
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TRUE
FALSE
Question 5
5. The comparison distribution refers to the numbers that correspond to the general population (not the test participants).
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TRUE
FALSE
Question 6
6. If the cutoff sample score is larger than our statistical result, we reject the null hypothesis and find support for the research hypothesis.
Question 6 options:
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FALSE
Question 7
7. A one-tailed test has more power to reject the null hypothesis than a two-tailed test does.
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FALSE
Question 8
8. The probability of making a Type I error is called alpha.
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FALSE
Question 9
9. A large standard deviation or standard error or variance will increase the power to reject the null hypothesis.
Question 9 options:
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FALSE
Question 10
10. The most practical way to increase the power of a study is to increase the sample size.
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Question 11
11. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis, when it is actually true, is called beta.
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Question 12
12. A p value of .05 will increase the likelihood of making a Type II error compared to a p value of .01.
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Question 13
13. If the research hypothesis is “true” and the study has a high level of power, it is likely that the probability of a significant result is high.
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FALSE
Question 14
14. If a study has a high level of power and the null hypothesis was not rejected, then it is likely that the research hypothesis is probably “true.”
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Question 15
15. A Type I error is more likely when using p < .05 than when using p < .01. Question 15 options: TRUE FALSE Question 16 16. We make a Type I error when we do not reject a false null hypothesis. Question 16 options: TRUE FALSE Question 17 17. A problem with Type II errors is that helpful programs may not be implemented. Question 17 options: TRUE FALSE Question 18 18. A more diverse population may decrease the standard deviation. Question 18 options: TRUE FALSE Question 19 19. A stronger independent variable may increase the effect size and add power to an experiment. Question 19 options: TRUE FALSE Question 20 20. Power is the probability that if the research hypothesis is "true," the study result will be significant and the null hypothesis will be rejected. Question 20 options: TRUE FALSE Question 21 21. Beta is the probability of committing a Type I error. Question 21 options: TRUE FALSE Question 22 22. Power is the likelihood that if the null hypothesis is true, then the experiment will support it. Question 22 options: TRUE FALSE Question 23 23. A significance level of .05 tends to increase the power of a study compared to using a .01 or .001 significance level. Question 23 options: TRUE FALSE Question 24 24. Which of the following is TRUE about the effect size of a study? Question 24 options: It is an important factor in determining the power of a study. It limits the standard error and therefore decreases power. It is always smaller than the variance. It increases the standard error and therefore increases power. Question 25 25. The amount that the independent variable separates the two groups in an experiment, which is shown by the differences in the dependent measure, is known as: Question 25 options: the beta analysis. experimental effectiveness. the significance level. the effect size. Question 26 26. Which of the following most characterizes hypothesis testing? Question 26 options: It is a simple part of statistics that only applies to two statistical procedures. It is a central theme in the statistical analysis of the majority of behavioral and social science research. It is fairly uncommon in the field of statistics. It is used only when conducting descriptive statistical analyzes. Question 27 27. A psychologist tests if a new counseling method is more effective than an old counseling method. What is the research hypothesis? Question 27 options: The old counseling method is more effective than the new counseling method. There is no difference in the effectiveness of the two counseling methods. There is some difference in the effectiveness between the two counseling methods, but which is more effective is not predicted. The new counseling method is more effective than the old counseling method. Question 28 28. A researcher tests whether there is any difference between how fast people work in the morning compared to how fast they work in the evening. What of the following is the research hypothesis? Question 28 options: People work faster in the evening. People work slower in the morning. There is a difference in the speed that people work in the morning compared to the speed that people work in the evening. There is no difference between the speed that people work in the morning compared to the speed that people work in the evening. Question 29 29. If a researcher wants to test whether a new training program helps or hurts job performance, would the researcher use a one-tailed test or a two-tailed test? Why? Question 29 options: The researcher would use a one-tailed test because the researcher only wants to know if the training program is ineffective. The researcher would use a two-tailed test because it does not make a prediction in a particular direction. The researcher would use a two-tailed test because it makes a prediction in a particular direction. The researcher would use a one-tailed test because the researcher only wants to know if the training program is effective. Question 30 30. How many cells are in a 2 X 4 factorial design? Question 30 options: two six eight four Question 31 31. If psychologists want to study the effects of two or more independent variables on a dependent variable, they will conduct a: Question 31 options: two-group dichotomized design. repeated measures design. factorial design. correlational study. Question 32 32. If one independent variable has three levels and a second independent variable has three levels, what kind of factorial design is being conducted? Question 32 options: a 2 X 3 factorial design a 2 X 3 X 1 factorial design a 4 X 3 factorial design a 3 X 3 factorial design Question 33 33. There are _____ F ratios calculated in a 2 X 2 factorial design. Question 33 options: 3 2 1 The same number as the number of cells in the design. Question 34 34. An independent means t test is to a dependent means t test as an ordinary analysis of variance is to a: Question 34 options: t test for a single sample. repeated measures analysis of variance. three-way analysis of variance. Z test. Question 35 35. If psychologists compare the mean numbers of activities performed by people in three groups, which are defined as having high, moderate, and low motivation, they are using a: Question 35 options: 2 X 3 analysis of variance. repeated-measures analysis of variance. factorial analysis of variance. one-way analysis of variance. Question 36 36. When studying the effects of more than one independent variable in the same study, a ____ is conducted. Question 36 options: two-group randomized design binomial design factorial design t test Question 37 37. In a factorial design, when an independent variable has effects on the dependent variable regardless of the other independent variable, it is called a(n): Question 37 options: interaction. main effect. omnibus effect. independent effect. Question 38 38. How is an interaction effect detected? Question 38 options: by conducting a series of Z tests by conducting a series of t tests by multiplying each cell mean by the marginal mean by comparing the pattern of cell means across one row to the pattern of cell means across another row Question 39 39. In a factorial design, a psychologist studies the effects of Gender and Conscientiousness on academic performance. Gender has two levels and Conscientiousness has three levels (high, medium, low). What is true about this study? Question 39 options: It has five cells. It is a three-way analysis of variance. It has eight cells. It is a 2 X 3 analysis of variance. Question 40 40. One interaction and two main effects are tested in which of the following? Question 40 options: a three-way factorial design a two-way analysis of variance a dependent means t test a correlational design Question 41 41. A 2 X 3 X 2 factorial design has which of the following? Question 41 options: three variables that divide the groups in the study two variables that divide the groups in the study eight variables that divide the groups in the study none of the above Question 42 42. A researcher is interested in the effects of Sleep Deprivation and Task Difficulty on people's coordination ability. If Sleep Deprivation has three levels and Task Difficulty has three levels, how many cells will there be in this study? Question 42 options: 6 4 9 2 Question 43 43. When the influence of one variable on a dependent variable changes according to the level of another variable in a factorial design, it is called a(n): Question 43 options: main effect. omnibus effect. interaction effect. relational effect. Question 44 We use a(n) _____ when we analyze data from three or more groups in a study. Question 44 options: a. t test for independent means b. F test (ANOVA) c. t test for dependent means d. correlation coefficient (r test) Question 45 A(n) _____ has less power than a(n) ._____. Question 45 options: a. t test for independent means; t test for dependent means b. repeated measures ANOVA; ordinary ANOVA c. t test with equal sample sizes in each group; t test with unequal sample sizes in each group d. dependent means t test; independent means t test Question 46 Which of the following statistics in our class would most likely be computed when analyzing data from a traditional experiment with a true independent variable and random assignment to groups (control and experimental). Question 46 options: a. Z test and correlation coefficient (r) b. correlation coefficient (r) and t test for a single sample c. t test for independent means and analysis of variance (F test) d. Z tests with samples greater than one and chi-square test Question 47 47. All of the following are true about research in psychology EXCEPT? Question 47 options: We conduct correlational studies to discover cause and effect relationships between variables. In order to generalize to the greatest number of people, case studies should be conducted. Most experimental psychologists prefer observational studies over any other research method. None of the above are true about research in psychology. Question 48 48. When we measure one group of people more than once, we are conducting: Question 48 options: Repeated Measures ANOVA (F) tests. Independent Means t tests. Dependent Means t tests. both a and c. Question 49 Which of the following is true? Question 49 options: a. Researchers generally prefer that their statistical results allow them to fail to reject the null hypothesis. b. Researchers generally prefer that their statistical results allow them to accept the null hypothesis. c. Researchers generally prefer that their statistical results allow them to reject the research hypothesis. d. Researchers generally prefer that their statistical results allow them to reject the null hypothesis. Question 50 Which of the following statements is TRUE? Question 50 options: a. When we are able to reject the null hypothesis, we can state that we found support for the research hypothesis. b. When we are able to accept the null hypothesis, we can state that we found support for the research hypothesis. c. When we are able to reject the research hypothesis, we can state that we found support for the null hypothesis. d. When the results are inconclusive, we can state we found support for the research hypothesis.
