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1.In a study examining the relationship between self-esteem and…
1.In a study examining the relationship between self-esteem and dishonest behavior, college students were first given a self-esteem questionnaire to classify them into high and low self-esteem groups. At a later time, cheating behavior was measured while the students corrected their own exams. The goal of the study is to find a difference between the two groups. Please identify what type of research this scenario represents.
a. True experiment
b. Non-experimental
2.To evaluate the relationship between stress and general health, a researcher selects a random sample of 50-year-old men. For 2 months, each man is asked to keep a daily journal recording stressful events (such as a fight with his wife, an argument with his boss, or an automobile accident). After 2 months, the doctor examines each man and records an overall health rating. The goal of the study is to determine whether there is a relationship between the total amount of stress and the overall health of the men. Please identify what type of research this scenario represents.
a. True experiment
b. Non-experimental
3.During the 1960s, much debate arose about how genetics, environmental factors, or social learning shaped children’s development. Albert Bandura conducted the Bobo Doll Experiment in 1961 to show that human behavior stemmed from social imitation rather than inherited genetic factors. He set up three groups: one was exposed to adults showing aggressive behavior towards a Bobo doll, another was exposed to a passive adult playing with the Bobo doll, and the third formed a control group. The results showed that children exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior towards the doll themselves, while the other groups showed little imitative aggressive behavior. Please identify what type of research design this scenario is an example of.
a. Between-subjects
b. Within-subjects
4.In a series of controversial experiments during the 1960s, Harry Harlow revealed the importance of a mother’s love for healthy childhood development. Harlow separated rhesus monkeys from their mothers a few hours after birth and left them to be “raised” by two surrogate mothers. One mother was made of wire with an attached bottle for food; the other was made of soft terrycloth but lacked food. Interestingly, the baby monkeys preferred to spend more time with the cloth mother than they did with the wire mother, thus suggesting that affection plays a greater role than sustenance when it comes to childhood development. Please identify what type of research design this scenario is an example of.
a. Between-subjects
b. Within-subjects
5.A classic finding in social psychology, the Halo Effect, is the idea that our overall impression of a person can be based on one trait about them. For example, if someone has a likeable personality, people might find that person’s other qualities more appealing. In a recent experiment, a man made two videos for a dating website. In the first video, he read the script in an upbeat manner, whereas in the second, he read the same script in a more melancholy fashion. The first video was given to one group of girls and the second was given to another group, who watched the video in a separate room. The girls who watched the upbeat video found the man to be likeable, while the girls who watched the second video found the man to be unpleasant, even though he had read the exact same script. This may demonstrate the importance of tone in the perception of overall attractiveness. Please identify what type of research design this scenario is an example of.
a. Between-subjects
b. Within-subjects
6.John is interested in examining how the number of classes taken by a student influences academic success. John has access to a roster of all registered students at the academic institution that he is conducting research at. He places all names in a randomizer computer program (this program will randomly choose one name at each drawing). After each name is selected, he places their name back into the program to ensure that each selected participant has exactly the same probability of being selected for his experiment. What type of sampling procedure has John used to select his participants?
a. Cluster sampling
b. Sampling with replacement
c. Sampling without replacement
d. Convenience sampling
7.What is the baseline statistic for determining statistical power?
a. .60
b. .70
c. .80
d. .90
8.When selecting participants what does every researcher need to consider?
a. Precedent
b. Availability
c. Type of project
d. All of the above
9.All of the following are probability sampling techniques EXCEPT:
a. Simple probability sampling
b. Cluster sampling
c. Sampling with replacement
d. Convenience sampling
10.Beth is interested in studying the effects of movies on peoples’ attitudes toward the mentally ill. She obtains a sample of college students who have never seen One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Half of the students watch the movie and half do not, and then she measures their attitudes toward the mentally ill. She is worried that if participants have a loved one who is mentally ill, they may have different attitudes from everyone else. She decides to give a pretest to determine if people have family members with a mental illness to make sure that there are equal numbers of such people in both the experimental and control groups. Beth is using
a. repeated measures
b. random assignment
c. matched pairs
d. natural pairs
11.Why is random assignment important?
a. Random assignment ensures that the groups are matched on some variable before the experiment.
b. Random assignment helps to make the groups equal on a variety of variables.
c. Random assignment ensures that each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen to be in the experiment.
d. Random assignment increases the test-retest reliability of the experiment.
Questions 12 – 16 refer to the following statistical output in which a researcher compared the GPA of traditional (aged 18-22) and nontraditional (aged 23 or older) students.
Table 10-1
GROUP 1 = Aged 18-22
GROUP 2 = Aged 23 or older
Variable = Grade point average
GROUP N Mean SD Standard Error
GROUP 1 15 2.95 0.556 0.143
GROUP 2 15 3.08 0.524 0.135
Equal Variances Assumed
t = 0.68 df =28 p=0.509
Equal Variances Not Assumed
t = 0.68 df = 27.90 p = 0.509
12.Consult Table 10-1. The statistical analysis is a(n) __________ samples t test.
a. independent
b. correlated
c. paired
d. repeated measures
13.Consult Table 10-1. How many participants were in the study?
a. 15
b. 28
c. 30
d. None of the above
14.Consult Table 10-1. The mean GPA for traditionally-aged students was ______ and the mean GPA for nontraditionally-aged students was _______.
a. 3.08; 2.95
b. 0.55; 0.52
c. 2.95; 3.08
d. 0.52; 0.55
15.Consult Table 10-1. The p-value is _______ than .05; therefore, we should conclude that there _______ a difference between the groups.
a. less; is
b. less; is not
c. greater; is
d. greater; is not
16.Consult Table 10-1 and create a APA-format interpretation of the results of this statistical output table.
Questions 17 – 21 refer to the following statistical output in which a researcher measured anxiety in a sample before therapy and after therapy. Higher scores on the anxiety measure indicate a greater level of anxiety.
Table 10-2
GROUP 1 = Before therapy
GROUP 2 = After therapy
Variable = Anxiety scores
GROUP N Mean SD
GROUP 1 10 11.00 3.197
GROUP 2 10 8.90 3.573
Mean difference = 2.100 SD = 1.287
Corr. = 0.934 p = 0.000
t = 5.161 df = 9 p = 0.001
17.Consult Table 10-2. The statistical analysis is a(n) __________ samples t test.
a. independent
b. correlated
c. between-subjects
d. homogenous
18.Consult Table 10-2. How many people are in the sample?
a. 9
b. 10
c. 20
d. 100
19.Consult Table 10-2. The p-value is _______ than .05; therefore, we should conclude that there _______ a difference between the groups.
a. less; is
b. less; is not
c. greater; is
d. greater; is not
20.Consult Table 10-2. The difference in means ______ significant; therefore, we conclude that the difference between the two means is due to ________.
a. is; the independent variable
b. is; chance
c. is not; the independent variable
d. is not; chance
21.Consult Table 10-2 and create a APA-format interpretation of the results of this statistical output table in the space below.
