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1) Mr Jansen is a construction contractor who went overseas to do…
1) Mr Jansen is a construction contractor who went overseas to do construction during the Iraq War. He lost half his construction team from a roadside bombing, narrowly escaping with his life. Six months after his return to South Africa, his wife noticed that he had trouble sleeping, his mood was at times irritable or withdrawn, he avoided the news reports on television, and he started drinking daily. He complained of nightmares but would not talk about his fears to anyone, including his wife. Tearfully, Mrs Jansen expressed how their relationship was non-existent as she felt she was living with a “man she did not recognise”. Now at the hospital, the clinical psychologist notes that Mr Jansen is quiet and passive, but that he looks around vigilantly and is easily startled by sounds on the ward. According to the DSM-5 classification system Mr Jansen’s abnormal behaviour could be classified as – – – – -.
Select one:
a.Post-traumatic Stress Disorder with delayed expression
b.Bereavement
c.Acute Stress Disorder
d.Adjustment Disorder with Mixed Emotions
2) Mavis attended an appointment with a clinical psychologist as she had developed symptoms in the wake of an assault that occurred about seven weeks ago. While leaving work late one evening, Mavis was attacked in the parking lot. She was raped and badly beaten. After the rapists fled, she was able to retrieve her cellphone from a nearby dustbin and call for help. In the interview with the psychologist, Mavis reported frequent intrusive thoughts about the assault and recurrent intrusive images of her assailant, feeling as if the assault was reoccurring. She also relayed that she now took the Gautrain to work to avoid the scene of the attack and that she had to change her work hours so that she did not have to leave the building after dark. She also always ensured that she was accompanied by colleagues when leaving the building. Furthermore, Mavis reported that she had difficulty interacting with men, particularly those that resembled her attacker, and that she constantly avoided such interactions. However, her boss and colleagues kept on asking her why she was avoiding attending a number of critical meetings. Tearfully, Mavis also stated that since the incident her husband found her to be irritable, and continually asked her why she was constantly waking up in the middle of the night and he noted that she seemed jumpy and on edge in the evenings, constantly, checking if the gate and doors were locked. Moreover, Mavis stated that she and her husband have not had sexual relations since the incident, and when he has attempted to be affectionate she finds herself snapping at him that she has work to do. According to the DSM-5 classification system, Mavis’ abnormal behaviour could be classified as – – – – -.
Select one:
a.Post-traumatic Stress Disorder with delayed expression.
b.Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.
c.Adult Sexual Abuse Disorder by non-partner.
d.Depersonalisation/Derealisation Disorder.
3) Thanda is a 23-year-old graphic designer who recently left her job. This position at a reputable corporate design firm was her first employment appointment since graduating cum laude. During the first three months after she joined the company, Thanda began struggling with intense feelings of sadness, worry and nervousness. Despite her participation in a work mentorship programme and the efforts of Thanda’s colleagues to include her in activities, she remained unhappy, anxious and isolated. These feelings continued for the next six months until she resigned. During this period Thanda experienced burnout and was hospitalized eight times for exhaustion, but doctors could not find anything medically wrong with her. These admissions to hospital caused her severe anxiety as it further impacted her performance at work. The despair and anxiety that Thanda felt as a result of her belief that she was not doing a good job, persisted throughout the six months of her employment. She confessed that she felt hopeless as an employee and would often cry alone in the bathrooms at work. Thanda is currently unemployed and she no longer experiences any of these symptoms. Taking into consideration Thanda’s symptoms discussed in the case study above, what would be the principal diagnoses made by a clinical psychologist?
Select one:
a.Adjustment Disorder
b.Generalised Anxiety Disorder
c.Panic Disorder
d.Acute Stress Disorder
4) Lerato was diagnosed with an Adjustment Disorder after experiencing intense marital conflict due to her failure to fall pregnant. During this time she has been experiencing intense feelings of sadness, worry and nervousness. Despite attempts by her family and best friends to cheer her up, she remained unhappy, anxious and isolated. These feelings persisted until she fell pregnant and became a proud mom to a baby girl. Which one of the following specifiers would apply to Thanda’s diagnosis of Adjustment Disorder?
Select one:
a.Disturbance of conduct
b.Mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct
c.Depressed mood
d.Mixed anxiety and depressed mood
5) Mavis attended an appointment with a clinical psychologist as she had developed symptoms in the wake of an assault that occurred about seven weeks ago. While leaving work late one evening, Mavis was attacked in the parking lot. She was raped and badly beaten. After the rapists fled, she was able to retrieve her cellphone from a nearby dustbin and call for help. In the interview with the psychologist, Mavis reported frequent intrusive thoughts about the assault and recurrent intrusive images of her assailant, feeling as if the assault was reoccurring. She also relayed that she now took the Gautrain to work to avoid the scene of the attack and that she had to change her work hours so that she did not have to leave the building after dark. She also always ensured that she was accompanied by colleagues when leaving the building. Furthermore, Mavis reported that she had difficulty interacting with men, particularly those that resembled her attacker, and that she constantly avoided such interactions. However, her boss and colleagues kept on asking her why she was avoiding attending a number of critical meetings. Tearfully, Mavis also stated that since the incident her husband found her to be irritable, and continually asked her why she was constantly waking up in the middle of the night and he noted that she seemed jumpy and on edge in the evenings, constantly, checking if the gate and doors were locked. Moreover, Mavis stated that she and her husband have not had sexual relations since the incident, and when he has attempted to be affectionate she finds herself snapping at him that she has work to do. According to the DSM-5 classification system, what would have been Mavis’ diagnosis if she had visited the clinical psychologist four days after she was raped?
Select one:
a.Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.
b.Adult Sexual Abuse Disorder by non-partner.
c.Adjustment Disorder with anxiety.
d.Acute Stress Disorder.
6) Seventeen-year-old Aronia woke up in hospital after having been gang raped and was reluctant to tell anybody what had happened to her. She assured everybody that she was fine, and that she only had a few drinks too many. A week after the incident, she began to experience flashbacks of the rape. The doctor had prescribed medication for her bouts of anxiety that arose from her thoughts of suddenly coming face to face with her rapists. She now began to use the medication as a way to banish the increasingly recurring flashbacks. When Aronia began to re-experience the event without warning and her mother noticed an increase in moodiness, irritability, aggressiveness and angry outbursts, she sent Aronia to a therapist. During the initial interview it appeared that Aronia was anxious to the point that she could not fall asleep, was constantly on edge, avoided thinking and talking about the event, and believed she would never feel happy again, since the joy had drained out of her body. During the following six weeks, Aronia’s symptoms remained unchanged. She went to see her therapist and was told she was most likely suffering from – – – – – according to the DSM-5 classification system?
Select one:
a.Acute Stress Disorder
b.Major Depressive Disorder
c.Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
d.Generalised Anxiety Disorder with guilt
7) Seventeen-year-old Aronia woke up in hospital after having been gang raped and was reluctant to tell anybody what had happened to her. She assured everybody that she was fine, and that she only had a few drinks too many. A week after the incident, she began to experience flashbacks of the rape. The doctor had prescribed medication for her bouts of anxiety that arose from her thoughts of suddenly coming face to face with her rapists. She now began to use the medication as a way to banish the increasingly recurring flashbacks. When Aronia began to re-experience the event without warning and her mother noticed an increase in moodiness, irritability, aggressiveness and angry outbursts, she sent Aronia to a therapist. During the initial interview it appeared that Aronia was anxious to the point that she could not fall asleep, was constantly on edge, avoided thinking and talking about the event, and believed she would never feel happy again, since the joy had drained out of her body. In setting up the differential diagnosis for Aronia’s abnormal behaviour the clinical psychologist considered Adjustment Disorder as a differential diagnosis. The psychologist however eliminated Adjustment Disorder as a final diagnosis due to which one of the following reasons – – – – – ?
Select one:
a.Adjustment Disorder is only diagnosed if the duration of the symptoms last between 3 days and 4 weeks.
b.The traumatic event Aronia experienced was too severe to be able to make a diagnosis of an Adjustment Disorder.
c.A diagnosis of an Adjustment Disorder is not made when an identifiable stressor causes marked distress.
d.Aronia’s symptoms are more accurately accounted for by another mental disorder.
8) Which one of the following statements concerning stressors and stress is the most accurate?
Select one:
a.Stressors and stress are two different words that have the same meaning.
b.Stressors are internal reactions such as increased heartbeat; stress is an external condition.
c.Stressors are external events; stress is an internal reaction to such events.
d.Stressors are only temporary, while stress is a chronic condition.
9) The term stressor is confusing to a fellow student. How would you explain the concept?
Select one:
a.An external event or situation that places a physical or psychological demand on a person.
b.Emotional distress and behavioural symptoms that are a disproportionate reaction to the intensity of a given situation.
c.A traumatic event or situation that is beyond a person’s ability to cope.
d.An internal psychological or physical response to a traumatic event.
10) Seventeen-year-old Aronia woke up in hospital after having been gang raped and was reluctant to tell anybody what had happened to her. She assured everybody that she was fine, and that she only had a few drinks too many. A week after the incident, she began to experience flashbacks of the rape. The doctor had prescribed medication for her bouts of anxiety that arose from her thoughts of suddenly coming face to face with her rapists. She now began to use the medication as a way to banish the increasingly recurring flashbacks. When Aronia began to re-experience the event without warning and her mother noticed an increase in moodiness, irritability, aggressiveness and angry outbursts, she sent Aronia to a therapist. During the initial interview it appeared that Aronia was anxious to the point that she could not fall asleep, was constantly on edge, avoided thinking and talking about the event, and believed she would never feel happy again, since the joy had drained out of her body. According to the DSM-5, Aronia’s symptoms could point to a number of possible disorder(s). Choose the disorder that fits her symptoms best.
Select one:
a.Acute Stress Disorder
b.Substance Related Disorder with memory impairment
c.Major Depressive Disorder
d.Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
