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1. The smallest units of language that have meaning, such as -er,…
1. The smallest units of language that have meaning, such as -er, pre- and -ing, are called:
Question 1 options:
words
syntax
morphemes
phonemes
2. Why did Chomsky’s approach to language argue against behaviorism?
Question 2 options:
It argued against linguistic universals, suggesting that all of language must be learned.
It showed that language has deep structure, proving internal representations are psychologically meaningful.
It demonstrated that all languages across the world are the same.
It demonstrated that there is only stimulus and response, with nothing meaningful happening inside the mind.
3. When we hear a sentence, we start making judgments about what the sentence means before we get to the end of the sentence. This is called:
Question 3 options:
incremental processing
hemispheric specialization
transformational rules
lexical ambiguity
Question 4
According to the chapter, how do we process an ambiguous word like bank when we hear it in a sentence?
Question 4 options:
We initially consider the most familiar meanings of the word, and use context to eliminate irrelevant meanings.
We prioritize the less frequent meaning of the word so that it has a chance to be recognized.
We ignore the word itself, and just infer what was said from context.
We equally consider all possible meanings of the word.
Question 5
A friend asks you, “Is it true that the left hemisphere of the brain handles all language processing for everyone?” Your response should be:
Question 5 options:
It depends. The left hemisphere controls your native language, but the right hemisphere controls second languages.
Sort of. The left hemisphere is important for much of language processing for most people, but the right hemisphere is sometimes involved.
No. The right hemisphere controls langauge processing.
Yes. Language processing is confined to the left hemisphere.
Question 6
What are the two “routes” for reading a word in the dual-route model?
Question 6 options:
The whole-word approach: reading words in sentences; the phonics approach: learning to sound words out.
Broca’s area: reading the word for comprehension; and Wernicke’s area, reading the word for production.
The direct route: access meaning without sounding it out; and the indirect route: sounding out the letters and recognizing it through the sounds.
Semantics: reading the word for meaning; pragmatics: reading the word to understand context.
Question 7
The study looking at syntax asking people to “put the apple on the towel…” used eye tracking to study syntactic processing. How do eye movements tell us about how people process spoken language?
Question 7 options:
Eye movements demonstrate that people wait until the end of the sentence to start interpreting it.
Eye movements are controlled in the same part of the brain as language processing.
Eye movements allow people to perform psycholinguistic tasks even if they can’t use their hands.
Eye movements show what interpretations people are making as they are hearing the sentence.
Question 8
What is aphasia?
Question 8 options:
A deficit in language abilities, usually caused by brain injury.
A type of disorder that affects reading, but not spoken language.
An impairment in the muscles used to produce speech.
A difficulty with remembering the names of objects.
Question 9
According to the constructionist view of inferences, how do we interpret information as we read?
Question 9 options:
We ignore our past experience to construct a representation of the current text.
We link information that is close together in the text, but don’t link information if it occurs multiple sentences apart.
We take in all the information in the text, and then afterwards build our understanding from whatever we remember.
We actively build a representation of the information based on what we’re reading and what we know about the world.
Question 10
What do we know about how people deal with syntactic complexity?
Question 10 options:
As long as two sentences are both grammatical, syntactic complexity doesn’t impact recognition.
People slow down for sentences that seem too easy, because they are worried they missed something important.
Most sentences we hear don’t use any syntactic rules.
Sentences that are more syntactically complex take long for people to understand.
