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1) Which statement(s) correctly describe(s) adolescence and…
1) Which statement(s) correctly describe(s) adolescence and puberty?
Group of answer choices
Puberty generally happen around the time when kids are in middle school or transitioning to high school
Adolescents do not go through puberty until they go to high school
Advent of puberty generally happens before the adolescence period
Both a & c correctly describe adolescence and puberty
2)Which of the following is a difference between primary sex characteristics and secondary sex characteristics?
Group of answer choices
The primary sex characteristics are physical indicators of sexual maturation, while the secondary sex characteristics trigger the development of sex hormones
The primary sex characteristics are structures that when matured, will give rise to the capacity to reproduce, while the secondary sex characteristics are structures that give rise to appearance differences like armpit hair and breast development
The primary sex characteristics include breast development, while the secondary sex characteristics include the ovaries and testes
The primary sex characteristics respond to pituitary hormones, while the secondary sex characteristics do not respond to pituitary hormones
3)The age of menarche has been declining since the mid-1800 among girls in western countries. Which of the following is true about early menarche?
Group of answer choices
Early menarche is beneficial because girls are able to reproduce at a younger age
It is associated with negative physical and psychosocial health implications
It is associated with beneficial psychosocial health implications such as higher self-esteem
The trend of declining age at menarche is reversing in recent years, i.e., girls are having their onset of menstruation at a later and later age
4)Which of the following is a likely reason why early puberty is associated with increased psychosocial disorders?
Group of answer choices
Early puberty causes adolescents to enter the workforce quicker and most likely to quit school
Early puberty causes problems for adolescent boys because they have low self-esteem and feel insecure
Early puberty only causes physical health issues such as greater risk for breast and ovarian career for girls but cause any psychosocial disorders
Early puberty often turbo-charge adolescents’ affective experiences such as sexual interest and need for sensation while they are still underdeveloped in their cognitive abilities to modulate these feelings
5)Which of the following statements is true of menarche among adolescent girls?
Group of answer choices
Girls usually begin to ovulate five to six months after menarche
Body height of adolescent girls plays a crucial role in the onset of menarche
The onset of menarche can be determined by average height.
Menarche comes later to girls who have a lower percentage of body fat.
6)In the context of adolescent egocentrism, which of the following is true of the concept of the imaginary audience?
Group of answer choices
It involves the belief that one’s thoughts are unique and special
It involves risky behavior where adolescents form online relationships with strangers
It involves the assumption that other people are concerned with one’s appearance more so than they really are
It involves an intense desire to be in the public eye and a disregard for personal appearance
7)A very important ability that adolescents acquire in Piaget formal operations stage is the ability to ___.
Group of answer choices
create ideas and logical thought
make assumptions and conclusions
plan
hypothesize
8)Which of the following examples illustrates a personal fable?
Group of answer choices
Oscar, a 13-year-old, believes that others are constantly watching and paying attention to him
Darren, a 15-year-old, is a chain smoker and feels that he is immune to the harmful effects of nicotine
Jack, a 14-year-old, believes in magic, mythical creatures, and the supernatural
Renato, a 14-year-old, is worried that he will die because he smoked a pack of cigarette
9)Culture and society values may play a role in the difference observed between adolescent boys and girls verbal ability.
Group of answer choices
This statement is not true because biological factors determine verbal ability
This statement is true
This statement underestimates adolescent girls’ ability in mathematics
This statement assumes that all females simply like to read and talk
10) In the context of gender differences in cognitive ability, which of the following improves visual-spatial performance?
Group of answer choices
Solving complex mathematics problems
Engaging in word games during leisure
Playing with toys such as blocks, Legos, and Erector sets
Actively participating in community-supporting events
11)Ahmed is a social activist. He organized demonstrations and other forms of civil disobedience in California against fur dealers because he firmly believes that it is wrong to kill animals for their fur. According to Kohlberg, Ahmed is in which stage of postconventional level of moral development?
Group of answer choices
Preconventional
Postconventional
Conventional
Formal-operational
12)Erik Erikson used the term psychological moratorium to refer to the aspect of psychological development that involves ______.
Group of answer choices
experimentation with different roles, values, beliefs, and relationships
exploration of what one stands for
examination of possible choices
all of the above
13)In the context of James Marcia’s identity statuses, an adolescent active in questioning and searching among alternatives to establish goals, values, or beliefs are involved in ____.
Group of answer choices
identity realization
foreclosure
exploration
identity diffusion
14)In the context of James Marcia’s identity statuses, a stable investment in one’s goals, values, or beliefs are involved in ____.
Group of answer choices
foreclosure
diffusion
commitment
exploration
15)Rob is a teenager who often skips school to go to the movies. He has no interest in studies nor interest in thinking about what he wants to study. He gets angry when his parents try to speak to him about his attitude. In the context of James Marcia’s identity statuses, Rob is most likely in the _____.
Group of answer choices
identity actualization stage
identity diffusion stage
identity realization stage
identity achievement stage
16)Leo is a 14-year-old boy whose father is an ardent sports fan and wants Leo to become a sportsman. Leo values his father’s opinion and decides to train and become a professional basketball player without considering other career options. In the context of James Marcia’s identity statuses, Leo’s decision illustrates ____.
Group of answer choices
moratorium
identity diffusion
foreclosure
identity achievement
17)Tamara is about to graduate from high school. She is confused and anxious about options for college. She enjoys studying both languages and biosciences but cannot decide if she wants to be a linguist or a bio-scientist. She has taken an appointment with the high school career counselor to explore her options. In the context of James Marcia’s identity statuses, Tamara is most likely in the _____.
Group of answer choices
moratorium stage
exposure stage
foreclosure stage
identity achievement stage
18)The development of self-identity is less complicated or demanding for adolescents who belong to ethnic minority groups.
Group of answer choices
This statement is true
This statement is false
Depending on which minority culture the adolescent comes from, this statement may be true
This statement is false because ethnic minority adolescents have the advantage to identity with multiple groups
19)Stanley Hall’s “storm and stress” adolescence is more a myth than truth, why?
Group of answer choices
The adolescence period is particular difficult for early-maturing teens rather than a universal experience
Not all early-maturing teens encounter “storm and stress”
Even early maturing teens can fare well with good supporting network
All of the above are the reason why “storm and stress” is a myth
20)Marissa, a 22-year-old young woman, is working as an intern at a software company. She will soon graduate from college. She is contemplating moving in with her boyfriend, yet, she likes the security and convenience of her parents’ home. Marissa feels that she has overcome adolescence but is sure about commitment. In the context of the characteristics of emerging adulthood theorized by Jeffrey Arnett, Marissa is ____.
Group of answer choices
illustrating egocentrism
illustrating parent-child attachment
experiencing the feature of feeling in-between
experiencing the feature of stability
21)Nikolai is a 21-year-old young man. When asked whether he thinks he has become an adult, he replies “Yes and no.” Nikolai does not rely on his on his parents completely but admits that he is not yet fully self-supporting. In the context of the characteristics of emerging adulthood theorized by Jeffrey Arnett, Nikolai is _____.
Group of answer choices
illustrating egocentrism
illustrating parent-child attachment
experiencing the feature of feeling in-between
experiencing the feature of stability
22)Shelley is 24 years old. Being an emerging adult, which of the following actions taken by her indicates a “revolving door” existence?
Group of answer choices
Shelley has changed three jobs in the past year
Shelley decides to move in with her boyfriend to get to know him better
Shelley returns to her parents’ home whenever she is between jobs and unable to pay the rent for her apartment
Shelley decides to change her educational direction and pursue a career in acting instead of literature
23)Edie is 22 years old. Being an emerging adult, which of the following actions taken by her indicates a “revolving door” existence?
Group of answer choices
Edie has changed three jobs in the last eight months
Edie decides to share an apartment with her college friends
Edie is having issues with her fiancé and decides to move back to her parents’ home
Edie decides to change her educational direction and pursue another career
24)Raj is 29 years old. In the context of the changes that occur during early adulthood, which of the following is likely to be true?
Group of answer choices
Raj is likely to completely lose his ability to hear tones that are high in pitch
Raj’s visual acuity is likely to decline dramatically
Raj’s ability to hear tones that are high in pitch is likely to enhance
Raj’s hearing ability is likely to start declining
25)Which of the following is a change that occurs toward the end of early adulthood?
Group of answer choices
Gains in skin elasticity and wrinkles are noticed
Fertility in women declines, but fertility in men increases
Loss of skin elasticity and wrinkles are noticed especially for women
Most men have infertility issues
26)Which of the following is true of cognitive development during young adulthood?
Group of answer choices
As with physical development, people are at the height of their cognitive powers during this stage
People typically retain their verbal skills and may even show improvement in vocabulary and general knowledge as they age
Performance on tasks that require reasoning or problem-solving speeds, and visual-spatial skills tends to decline in early adulthood
Crystallized intelligence is more susceptible to age than fluid intelligence
27)Which is a true statement about cognitive development?
Group of answer choices
Crystallized intelligence is the ability to process information, such as solving a math problem rapidly
Fluid intelligence represents one’s lifetime of intellectual attainments, as shown, for example, by vocabulary and accumulated knowledge
Crystallized intelligence declines with age
Fluid intelligence is more susceptible to the effects of aging than crystalline intelligence
28)In a multicultural society or on a college campus, students may realize that judgments of good or bad are often made from a certain belief system, such as a religion or a cultural background, so that such judgments actually represent ______.
Group of answer choices
dualistic thinking
concrete operational thinking
relativistic thinking
egocentrism
29)A major developmental task of young adults is to establish their own values and beliefs, so they can achieve psychological separation from parents.
Group of answer choices
This statement is true only for those young adults going to college
This statement is true when applying to those living at home with parents
This statement is true
This statement is false
30)In young adulthood, individuation refer to _____.
Group of answer choices
the process of become your own person while integrating the values and beliefs of your parents
the “Boomerang” generation who returns to live with parents
egocentric and oftentimes overly self-focus thinking of young adults
those who avoid or fear to enter into an intimate relationship
31)Erikson believed that young adults __.
Group of answer choices
who had difficulties in school or with peer relationships rarely develop a sense of inferiority
who were traditional are more likely to have strained relationships with their parents
who departed from home for college or work always develop a strained relationship with their parents
who had not achieved ego identity may still be wondering how their own values might or might not conflict with the values of their loved ones
32)Farrah and Michael have been in a relationship for five years and have found that their love for each other, which was initially based solely on passionate love, has flowered into a strong relationship to include commitment and intimacy along with passion. According to Sternberg’s triangular theory of love, their relationship can be considered __.
Group of answer choices
romantic love
empty love
companionate love
consummate love
33)According to Sternberg’s triangular theory of love, which of the following is true of companionate love?
Group of answer choices
It typically occurs in whirlwind relationships that begin passionately but eventually burn out quickly
It is low in commitment but high in passion
It is high in commitment and passion but low in intimacy
It occurs in long-term relationships in which passion has ebbed but a strong friendship is evident
34)Those who cohabit _______.
Group of answer choices
may have less traditional views of marriage than others
are more likely to be highly religious than those who do not
give up their rights to get married traditionally
are unlikely to ever consider getting married in the traditional sense
35)According to the US Census Bureau, the median age at first marriage has been ___.
Group of answer choices
decreasing since 2000
increasing for the past several decades
increasing for men but not for women
decreasing so has divorce rates
36)Which of the following best describes age homogamy?
Group of answer choices
It is best described as a series of exclusive sexual relationships a person has with people of different age groups
It is best described as the marriage between individuals who had experienced cohabitation
It reflects the tendency to marry late or remarry from different age groups
It reflects the tendency to marry in early adulthood
37)Persons who marry late tend not to select partners close in age because ___.
Group of answer choices
they are out in the world rather than in school or fresh out of school
they are more concerned about their status than younger couples
they had tried out cohabitation before marrying
they have less freedom to choose as the get older
38)What happens to intellectual functions during middle age?
Group of answer choices
ALL intellectual functions reach their peak during middle age
Intellectual functions completely depend on the middle-aged adults’ physical health
Middle-aged adults are at the peak in terms of many aspects of their intellectual functions
Numeric ability is at the peak during middle age
39)Bertha is a 40-year-old woman who has enjoyed excellent vision throughout her life. Lately, she has found it difficult to read. She has also found it hard to differentiate between her many pairs of earrings. Wearing reading glasses has helped to a great extent. In this scenario, Bertha is most likely suffering from _____.
Group of answer choices
diplopia
aphakia
presbyopia
amblyopia
40)Which of the following increases during middle adulthood?
Group of answer choices
Bone density
Fat-to-muscle ratio
Blood sugar tolerance
The basal metabolic rate
41)Max is 45 years old. He is finding it harder to keep up with his 15-year-old son where they are out playing basketball or jogging. He frequently needs to stop or rest in order to catch his breath. Max is most likely experiencing ___.
Group of answer choices
decline in basal metabolic rate
decline in melanin
atrophy of his reflexes
decline in aerobic capacities
42)Julia is a perimenopausal woman who suffers from night sweats and hot flashes. She also suffers from severe joint pain and heart palpitations. Julia’s gynecologist has suggested hormone replacement therapy as a cure. In this scenario, Julia has _____.
Group of answer choices
decline in basal metabolic rate
diabetic retinopathy
autoimmune thyroiditis
estrogen deficiency
42)Edward is a 50-year-old who has two grandsons. He encourages his grandsons to play outdoors every day and eat healthy food. He also teaches them to be polite. He believes these are essential habits. The information passed on by Edward to his grandsons illustrates his ___.
Group of answer choices
fluid intelligence
existential intelligence
interpersonal intelligence
crystallized intelligence
43)Abilene is a 52-year-old who strongly believes in the power of education. She has joined community classes for French and Spanish languages and reads books in those languages. She believes enriching her wisdom and world knowledge will help her become a better person. Abilene’s knowledge of French and Spanish illustrates her _____.
Group of answer choices
fluid intelligence
existential intelligence
interpersonal intelligence
crystallized intelligence
44)In the context of intelligence, which of the following statements is true?
Group of answer choices
Crystallized intelligence is influenced exclusively by neurological factors
Researchers theorize a strong role for neurological factors in fluid intelligence
Fluid intelligence is influenced exclusively by environmental factors
Studies show that crystallized intelligence tends to decrease with age through middle adulthood
45)What did research find about the trajectory of spatial orientation and numeric abilities in middle to late adulthood?
Group of answer choices
They rise gradually
They rise dramatically
They decline gradually
They decline dramatically
46)According to Erik Erikson, which of the following factors can lead to stagnation among middle-aged adults?
Group of answer choices
Rejection or suppression of the natural instinct to achieve job satisfaction
Rejection or suppression of the natural drive toward procreativity
Rejection or suppression of the natural drive to travel and explore
Rejection or suppression of the natural drive toward homosexual behavior
47)Which of the following is true of the findings of a study about midlife psychosocial development?
Group of answer choices
Havighurst’s developmental tasks did not apply to middle adulthood
Stagnation and generativity were direct opposites of each other
Erikson’s developmental crises were highly correlated with Freud’s psychosexual stages of development
The more generative adults scored higher on conscientiousness
48) which of the following is an outcome of the research on personality characteristics in middle adulthood?
Group of answer choices
People who were generative were emotionally unstable
People who were stagnated were more conscientious
People who were stagnated were more likely to score high on neuroticism
People who were generative were less extroverted than those who were not
49)According to Levinson, which of the following is true of middle adulthood?
Group of answer choices
At this stage, people are likely to experience anxiety about their passing youth
At this stage, people have more to look forward to than look back upon
At this stage, people experience happiness due to the knowledge that they are approaching the end of their work years
At this stage, menopause is seen as a positive event by women
50)Which of the following is likely to be true about middle-aged workers vs. younger workers.
Group of answer choices
Middle-aged workers tend to see their jobs as a source of income while younger workers tend to place more personal values on their jobs
Middle-aged workers earn a lot less than younger workers because of their age
Compared to younger workers, middle-aged workers are less likely to see their jobs a steppingstones
Middle-aged workers have less job responsibilities because they may retire very soon
51)Who are less likely to be a helicopter parents?
Group of answer choices
Parents who prevent the last child from leaving home
Parents who can find a balance between staying in touch and interfering
Parents demand to see or talk with their children frequently
Parents who cut off financial assistance, so their children become independent quickly
52)Having and relating to grandchildren has its pluses and its minuses but research generally finds that the balance is more positive and beneficial in the case of having grandchildren.
Group of answer choices
This statement is generally true in grandparent-child relationship
This statement is most likely false in grandparent-child relationship
This statement is ONLY true if the child had lost both his/her parents
53)Which of the following is true of the “sandwich generation”?
Group of answer choices
Sons always assume the major responsibility for caring for their parents than daughters
They do not help out with grandchildren
It consists of middle-aged children having the burden of caring for young children and aging parents
It occurs when parents have to care for their children and their grandchildren at the same time
54)Elinor is a 78-year-old woman experiencing difficulty in hearing voices and sounds. Her hearing abilities were fine until her 50s and have been steadily declining since then. Elinor is most likely suffering from _______.
Group of answer choices
presbyopia
retinitis
glaucoma
presbycusis
55)Which of the following is true of changes for food preference in late adulthood?
Group of answer choices
Loss of sense of smell and taste influence changes in food preference
Loss of taste results in ninefold decrease in preference for spicy foods
Sense of taste can be maintained until very advanced age, but sense of smell starts to decrease after age 65
Preference of food changes mainly because of decline in metabolism system in late adulthood
56)Which of the following can lower the risk of osteoporosis in men?
Group of answer choices
Larger bone mass
High levels of testosterone
Tough connective tissues
All of the above can help lower the risk of osteoporosis in men
57)Which of the following is true of bone fractures?
Group of answer choices
They pose a greater threat to young then older women due higher incidents of injuries
They are characteristics of the normal aging process
They are more common among women after menopause than among young women
They pose a greater threat to those who engage in walking as a regular exercise than those who do not
58)Which of the follow statement(s) is(are) true of sleep problems in late adulthood.
Group of answer choices
Sleep problems can be due to body’s circadian mechanism
Sleep problems are unlikely to be linked to chronic diseases
Sleep problems may be a sign of psychological disorders
Two of the above statements are true of sleep problems
All of the above statements are true of sleep problems
59)Which of the following statements is true of life expectancy?
Group of answer choices
Environmental factors are less likely to affect the life expectancy of an individual
Life expectancy tends to be the same for both male and female members in some populations
Differences in culture and geographic location less likely to affect the life expectancy of members of a species
Life expectancy tends to differ according to health-related behavior patterns
60)Identify a reason or reasons life expectancy among men trails that among women by about five years.
Group of answer choices
Heart disease typically develops later in women
Men tend to avoid medical attention even for preventable or treatable problems
Both the above are reasons for men’s shorter life expectancy
None of the above are reasons for men’s shorter life expectancy
61)Which description(s) is(are) true about the concept of normal aging?
Group of answer choices
Our body physiological processes decline slowly with age
People are able to live with age-graded health over the years
Diseases can be associated with chronological age
All the above can correctly describe “normal aging”
62)Elaine, an overweight 70-year-old woman, suffers from painful joints. The bones of her knees and hips grind together, causing pain. She takes over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs prescribed by her physician to relieve the discomfort. Elaine is most likely suffering from _______.
Group of answer choices
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints
gout
63)Mark suffers from severe pain in his knees due to an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the joints. He finds it extremely painful to walk. If Mark’s condition is caused by an autoimmune disease, he is suffering from __.
Group of answer choices
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints
gout
64)Kelly is a 72-year-old retired teacher. Which of the following(s) most likely describe(s) her risk of accident?
Group of answer choices
If Kelly had a fall, her risk of dying will be greatly increased
Kelly shows signs of poor sensory coordination which increases her risk of fall
Kelly recently installed a walk-in bathtub which will greatly increase her risk of fall
All the above correctly describe Kelly’s risk of fall
Only a and b correctly describe Kelly’s risk of fall
65)In the context of psychosocial theory, Erik Erikson believed that _____.
Group of answer choices
it is difficult and sometimes unlikely for older adults who engage in life reviews to find ego integrity in late adulthood
older adults who achieved ego transcendence are unlikely to find ego integrity
men are more likely than women to obtain ego integrity
people who achieved generativity in middle adulthood are more likely to obtain ego integrity in late adulthood
66)The basic challenge in the crisis of ego integrity versus despair is to __.
Group of answer choices
achieve generativity rather than stagnation
maintain the belief that life is meaningful in the face of limited life span
look back on the events of one’s life and construct a meaningful narrative of one’s past
hold on to the things and relationships one has accumulated over the years
67)Leonora, a 75-year-old woman, has had a legal will prepared. She has bequeathed her life’s savings to the charity of her choice. Her physical assets, such as her two homes, will be shared by her two daughters. Leonora’s scenario illustrates _____.
Group of answer choices
ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation
disengagement from society by an aging individual
achievement of generativity in Erikson late stage of development
ego preoccupation versus body preoccupation
68)Of Robert Peck’s developmental tasks, body transcendence versus body preoccupation lays emphasis on coming to terms with inevitable physical decline by placing more value on _____.
Group of answer choices
cognitive activities
social relationships
youthful behaviors and self-reflection
all of the above – a, b & c
a and b
69)Which of the following scenarios is best explained by the developmental task of body transcendence versus body preoccupation?
Group of answer choices
Meg, a 65-year-old woman, is obsessed with her looks
Sue, a 68-year-old depressed widow, fails to take care of herself since she lost her husband
James, a robust and active 60-year-old man, is a fitness coach and is quite agile for his age
Jake, a retired schoolteacher, spends more time with his friends since he was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis
70)Being able to care for oneself is a core condition for
Group of answer choices
avoiding age discrimination, that is ageism
body esteem among those in high SES
aging successfully
avoiding independent lifestyle
71)Which statement(s) is(are) correct about widowhood in late adulthood.
Group of answer choices
Older women are more likely to be widowed than younger women
Older women are more likely to be widowed than older men
Older women might cope better than older men when widowed
All statements are correct
Only a & b are correct
72)Women aged 75+ are more likely to be widowed and stay single than men because ______.
Group of answer choices
women live longer than men thus possibility for potential partners is limited
men live longer than women and men tend to marry younger women
women live longer than men and tend to marry at a younger age tend men
men live longer than women and tend to have difficulty coping with loss of spouse
