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QUESTION 1 Jordan is researching the efficacy of a specific…
QUESTION 1
Jordan is researching the efficacy of a specific antidepressant. He finds an article in a peer-reviewed journal where the authors conducted statistical analyses on the combined results of all 46 clinical studies that have investigated the drug’s effects. What kind of article did Jordan find?
Empirical research report
Meta-analysis
Review article
Theoretical article
QUESTION 2
Which of these is NOT one of the characteristics of a good hypothesis?
Logical
Valid
Testable
Positive
QUESTION 3
Which of these is most likely to be measured as a categorical variable?
IQ
Native language
Temperature
Annual salary
QUESTION 4
Aaliyah is a graduate student doing a study on the relationship between political affiliation and pessimism. She decides to measure pessimism by having her participants fill out the Optimism/Pessimism Instrument (OPI). The _________ of pessimism is OPI score.
operational definition
independent statistic
conceptual definition
inferential statistic
QUESTION 5
Why is it important for a sample to be representative?
Because simple random sampling is not appropriate.
Because it allows results to be generalized to the population.
Because it follows the hypothetico-deductive method.
Because it maintains the internal validity of the study.
QUESTION 6
Studies conducted in tightly controlled laboratory environments typically have ___________ validity while studies conducted in natural, real-world environments typically have ___________ validity.
low internal; low external
high external; high internal
high internal; high external
high external; low internal
QUESTION 7
Which of these is an example of Type II error?
Veronica surveys 12 people about their depression and anxiety levels and finds no relationship between how depressed someone is and how anxious they are. However, depression and anxiety actually are related and frequently co-occur.
Bran decides to go against convention and set his threshold for statistical significance at 49% instead of 5%. Using this threshold, he reports finding a relationship between how much someone loves apple juice and their level of empathy. However, liking apple juice a lot is not actually related to empathy.
Roger’s neuroimaging study found that left-handed people have more activity in the occipital lobe than right-handed people do. However, this statistically significant result was only due to random error, and later researchers are unable to replicate it.
Liam’s study finds that there is significant correlation between height and intelligence. However, he did not have a representative sample and this relationship does not exist in the population as a whole.
QUESTION 8
2, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 6
For this set of numbers, the _________ and __________ are both 4 and the __________ is 2.
median; range; mode
mode; range, median
median; mode; range
range; mode; median
QUESTION 9
What does it mean for a hypothesis to be positive?
It predicts a positive correlation.
It predicts something good will happen.
It predicts that a theory will be supported.
It predicts the existence of some effect or relationship.
QUESTION 10
Maya is researching the effects of regular yoga practice on self-esteem. She gets 20 volunteers who practice yoga at least twice a week and 20 volunteers who never practice yoga. However, Maya discovers that all of the participants who do yoga also meditate, while none of the participants who don’t do yoga meditate. Meditation practice is a(n) _________ in this study.
independent variable
Type II error
confound
Type I error
