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MasterHippopotamus3300
Instructions: There are lots of techniques that we can use to try…
Instructions: There are lots of techniques that we can use to try to calm down or relax when we are feeling anxious or tense. One strategy is deep breathing (see this link for some tips on deep breathing. A professor is interested in examining how deep breathing can influence feelings of anxiety. She recruits participants in her class right before the final exam, when their feelings of anxiety would be high. She measures their current levels of anxiety, instructs them to engage in 2 minutes of deep breathing, and then measures their anxiety again after they’ve completed the breathing. Below are the anxiety levels of each student before and after deep breathing (on a scale from 1 to 15). Your job is to determine if their anxiety levels significantly DECREASE after deep breathing.
Before Deep Breathing After Deep Breathing
9 11
15 8
12 9
14 10
12 5
15 15
12 9
12 10
11 5
10 6
5 5
4 3
8 5
10 5
Question 1
What’s the null hypothesis for this research question?
A. Anxiety levels before deep breathing = anxiety levels after deep breathing
B. Anxiety levels are significantly lower after deep breathing
Question 2
What’s the alternative hypothesis for this research question?
Group of answer choices
A. Anxiety levels are significantly lower after deep breathing
B. Anxiety levels are the same before and after deep breathing
Question 3
What’s the best statistical test to use to analyze this research question?
answer choices:
Independent sample t-test
Correlation coefficient
Dependent samples t-test
F statistic
One sample z-test
One way ANOVA
Question 4
The next step is to compute the test statistic. What is the t-statistic value (make sure you’re using the t-test formula for the dependent samples t-test). Round your answer to two decimal places.
Question 5
What are the degrees of freedom?
Question 6
Should you do a one-tailed or two-tailed test here? Think about whether the hypothesis is directional or non-directional!
Group of answer choices
one tailed
two tailed
Question 7
What is the critical value?
Question 8
Based on the t-value provided and the critical value, what is your decision about this research study?
Group of answer choices
There is not a significant decrease in anxiety before and after deep breathing.
There is a significant increase in anxiety after deep breathing
There is a significant decrease in anxiety after deep breathing
Question 9
Write up your results as you would see them in an APA style write up. Don’t forget to include your means and sds for the before and after data!
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For the next two questions, you’re going to design a study that uses a dependent samples t-Test design and a study that uses an independent samples t-Test. Be sure to base your two studies on the same general topic (in other words, apply the same research question to a study where you would use an independent samples t-test design and a study where you would use a dependent samples t test design).
Flag question: Question 10
What’s your independent samples t-test study? Tell me your IV and how you would manipulate the IV, and your DV. This needs to be your own original study idea. It should be very clear why your example is an appropriate example for an independent samples t-test design.
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Flag question: Question 11
What’s your dependent samples t-test study? Tell me your IV and how you would manipulate the IV, and your DV. This needs to be your own original study idea (and it needs to be the same general topic as your independent samples t-test study). It should be very clear why your example is an appropriate example for a dependent samples t-test design.
