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How do fMRI measures of attention in children compare to those…
How do fMRI measures of attention in children compare to those obtained in adults?
Group of answer choices
Children typically exhibit lower-levels of activity in attention networks.
Children generally exhibit higher levels of activity in attention networks.
Unless a child as ADHD, there are no differences.
Children use a completely different set of neural structures for attention control than adults.
Flag question: Question 32Question 322 pts
The “Luke Skywalker neuron” responds to an image of Luke, and his name either written or spoken. This type of neuron is referred to as:
Group of answer choices
a concept cell.
an engram.
a Hebbian neuron.
a perceptual neuron.
Flag question: Question 33Question 332 pts
Throwing an object accurately at a moving object requires one to be able to imagine where the object will be in the future, a cognitive skill known as:
Group of answer choices
prospective thinking.
sequential thinking.
flexible thinking.
pre-perception
Flag question: Question 34Question 342 pts
Bob is a patient that has demonstrated no behavioral responsiveness to any verbal commands. He was placed in an fMRI machine, then was asked questions such as “If your name is Bob, imagine walking around your house.” In response to the question, the investigator observed activity in the appropriate area of the brain. Based on this observation:
Group of answer choices
Bob would be diagnosed with locked in syndrome.
Bob would be diagnosed with dissociative disorder.
Bob would be diagnosed as vegetative.
Bob would be diagnosed as comatose.
Flag question: Question 35Question 352 pts
A patient was asked to copy the image on the left (below), and produced the drawing on the right. What would you conclude regarding the location of brain damage?
Group of answer choices
The left hemisphere was damaged.
The right hemisphere was damaged.
The occipital lobe was damaged.
The pre-motor cortex was damaged.
Flag question: Question 36Question 362 pts
Deliberate, top-down control of attention depends on part of the prefrontal cortex and the _____.
Group of answer choices
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
occipital lobe
cerebellum
Flag question: Question 37Question 372 pts
A mental representation of something is known as:
Group of answer choices
a concept.
a category
an engram
an idealized form
Flag question: Question 38Question 382 pts
The ability to make causal inferences seems to rely on the:
Group of answer choices
left hemisphere.
fronto-parietal network.
temporal lobe.
right hemisphere.
Flag question: Question 39Question 392 pts
In individuals experiencing major depression, dexamethasone:
Group of answer choices
fails to suppress the release of cortisol.
enhances the release of cortisol.
stimulates the production of BDNF.
rapidly reverses the behavioral symptoms of depression.
Flag question: Question 40Question 402 pts
Which of the following statements about the monoamine hypothesis is false?
Group of answer choices
Depleting serotonin always produces depression.
Anti-depressant drugs targeting serotonin can take over two weeks to work.
In some depressed individuals, monoamine levels are normal.
Anti-depressants targeting serotonin don’t always work and often only slightly better than placebos.
Flag question: Question 41Question 412 pts
About how quickly are the anti-depressant effects of ketamine observed?
Group of answer choices
Within 40 minutes
12 – 16 hours
24 – 48 hours
Up to two weeks
Flag question: Question 42Question 422 pts
Anti-depressants (and exercise) may help alleviate depression by enhancing neurogenesis in the brain. This may be due to increasing levels of ______.
Group of answer choices
BDNF
cortisol
dopamine
glutamate
Flag question: Question 43Question 432 pts
High cortisol levels seen in depression is likely due to the regulatory function of the ________, which is often smaller in depressed individuals.
Group of answer choices
hippocampus
amygdala
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
Flag question: Question 44Question 442 pts
On average, those with the ____ form of the ____ transporter gene and a history of stressful experiences reported more than average symptoms of depression.
Group of answer choices
short; serotonin
long; dopamine
long; serotonin
short; norepinephrine
Flag question: Question 45Question 452 pts
How does cortisol impact the hippocampus?
Group of answer choices
It inhibits hippocampus function.
It facilitates hippocampus function.
It can result in the net loss of hippocampus neurons.
All of these choices can be true.
