Which of the following statements best describes the relationship…

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Which of the following statements best describes the relationship…

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between genetic evolution and cultural evolution?

Question 30 options:

 

 

a) 

Phenotypic effects of cultural evolution can be witnessed within a lifetime or within a few generations, while the phenotypic effects of genetic evolution occur less rapidly.

 

 

 

 

b) 

Neither genetic evolution nor cultural evolution can have a dramatic influence on the phenotype of an organism within a lifetime.

 

 

 

 

c) 

Both processes must operate for tens of thousands of generations for observable phenotypic effects to arise.

 

 

 

 

d) 

Cultural evolution occurs far less quickly than genetic evolution.

 

 

Question 31 (2 points)

 

Listen

When information is transmitted across generations from parents to offspring we call this___

Question 31 options:

 

 

a) 

Oblique cultural transmission

 

 

 

 

b) 

Filial cultural transmission

 

 

 

 

c) 

Vertical cultural transmission

 

 

 

 

d) 

Horizontal cultural transmission

 

 

Question 32 (2 points)

 

Listen

Which of the following statements does not apply to Caro and Hauser’s definition of teaching?

Question 32 options:

 

 

a) 

Teaching provides immediate benefits for the teacher.

 

 

 

 

b) 

The student may learn skills that would have never been acquired in the absence of teaching.

 

 

 

 

c) 

The student must be naïve to what is being taught.

 

 

 

 

d) 

The student receives an immediate benefit to being taught.

 

 

Question 33 (2 points)

 

 

In their study of the Galapagos finches, Grant & Grant found that bird song____

Question 33 options:

 

 

a) 

Was culturally transmitted from mother to daughter

 

 

 

 

b) 

Was culturally transmitted from father to son

 

 

 

 

c) 

Was genetically transmitted from mother to daughter

 

 

 

 

d) 

Was genetically transmitted from father to son

 

 

 

Question 34 (2 points)

 

Listen

Which of the following examples is not consistent with the direct benefits model of sexual selection by females?

Question 34 options:

 

 

a) 

Females choose males that establish nests or territories that provide safety.

 

 

 

 

b) 

Females choose males that provide large nuptial gifts.

 

 

 

 

c) 

Females prefer males that are better able to deter neighboring males that may harass the female.

 

 

 

 

d) 

Females choose males with low levels of symmetry, indicating poor genetic quality.

 

 

Question 35 (2 points)

 

Listen

When a female makes a mate choice decision based upon which male she sees other females choosing we call this______.

Question 35 options:

 

 

a) 

Female choice bias

 

 

 

 

b) 

Mate choice skew

 

 

 

 

c) 

Female sexual skew

 

 

 

 

d) 

Mate choice copying

 

 

Question 36 (2 points)

 

Listen

Which of the following is a benefit of reproducing sexually?

Question 36 options:

 

 

a) 

The energy exerted in courting and copulating with the opposite sex

 

 

 

 

b) 

The reduction in the number of genes that each parent passes to their offspring compared to asexual reproduction

 

 

 

 

c) 

Disease transmission

 

 

 

 

d) 

The potential for unique recombination of genes in offspring

 

 

Question 37 (2 points)

 

Listen

In class we discussed several ways that in general males and females of a sexually reproducing species differ. 

One of these was that a males overall reproductive “goal” is to ___  and a females overall reproductive “goal” is to ____. 

Question 37 options:

 

 

a) 

mate with as many partners as possible; mate with as many partners as possible

 

 

 

 

b) 

be choosy or selective in who you mate with; mate with as many partners as possible

 

 

 

 

c) 

be choosy or selective in who you mate with; be choosy or selective in who you mate with

 

 

 

 

d) 

mate with as many partners as possible; be choosy or selective in who you mate with

 

 

Question 38 (2 points)

 

Listen

The type of sexual selection whereby members of one sex compete with each other for access to members of the other sex is called___

Question 38 options:

 

 

a) 

Intersexual selection

 

 

 

 

b) 

Horizontal sexual selection

 

 

 

 

c) 

Vertical sexual selection

 

 

 

 

d) 

Intrasexual selection

 

 

Question 39 (2 points)

 

Listen

Male gorillas sometimes fight with one another in competition for reproductive access to females. This behavior is a form of _________.

Question 39 options:

 

 

a) 

Bilateral sexual selection

 

 

 

 

b) 

Intrasexual selection

 

 

 

 

c) 

Intersexual selection

 

 

 

 

d) 

Hormone irregularity

 

 

Question 40 (2 points)

 

Listen

When a male scorpionfly presents a dead insect to a female as a nuptial gift______.

Question 40 options:

 

 

a) 

She gains nutrition that she can invest in her offspring

 

 

 

 

b) 

She gains evidence of the male’s likelihood of being related to her

 

 

 

 

c) 

He fertilizes a number of eggs in proportion to the size of the gift

 

 

 

 

d) 

Both a and c