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MajorTankSeahorse29
1. Suppose that you are given several pieces of information,…
1. Suppose that you are given several pieces of information, and you must make a decision based on the logical consequences of this information. The task you are performing is called:
Question 1 options:
insightful problem solving
heuristic decision making
deductive reasoning
divergent thinking
Question 2
Consider the following problem: “Some college students are bright. All bright people are hard working. Therefore, all college students are hard working.” What kind of thinking task does this problem represent?
Question 2 options:
Decision making
Faulty conclusions
A syllogism
Propositional reasoning
Question 3
When solving reasoning problems, people tend to:
Question 3 options:
make fewer errors when problems involve concrete examples instead of abstract examples
carefully consider base rates to avoid making erroneous conclusions
easily process both negative and positive statements
ignore all their past experience to make their decisions
Question 4
According to the discussion in Chapter 12, the belief-bias effect:
Question 4 options:
makes it difficult to ignore previous knowledge to solve a current problem
shows an ability to ignore past experience to accurately solve a problem
arises from the general human tendency to answer “true” rather than “false”
is more common when solving problems about topics that people have no background knowledge about
Question 5
Research on logical reasoning shows that the confirmation bias is especially likely to operate when the participants:
Question 5 options:
work on a task that focuses on arbitrary stimuli, rather than on realistic human interactions
use a diagram to solve the problem, rather than solving it “in their heads.”
rely too heavily on bottom-up processes.
work on an ecologically valid task, rather than a task in the psychology laboratory
Question 6
A family has three children, all of whom are boys. Everyone predicts that their next child will be a girl. Which heuristic does this demonstrate?
Question 6 options:
Anchoring and adjustment
Availability
Representativeness
Denying the consequent
Question 7
According to the discussion of the representativeness heuristic, people often commit the small-sample fallacy in social situations. An example of this point is that:
Question 7 options:
people judge the conjunction of two events to be more likely than just one of those events
people may form a stereotype, based on only a few members of a particular ethnic group
people frequently try to confirm their current hypothesis rather than seeking counterevidence
people judge others in terms of personal characteristics that are easy to remember
Question 8
Why is the concept of base rate important in decisions that involve the representativeness heuristic?
Question 8 options:
People often ignore how commonly something occurs when estimating its likelihood based on representativeness
People who are trained in statistics rarely make errors from representativeness
The small-sample fallacy is much more common for things with large base rates
If something is representative, then it has at least a 50% chance of being accurate
Question 9
According to the discussion of the availability heuristic:
Question 9 options:
we are never able to make accurate estimates of the probability of something happening
we are fairly accurate at forming confidence intervals around our estimates
we estimate probability by thinking of relevant examples from our past
we are more reliant on examples from long ago than on more recent examples
Question 10
Suppose that a student named John is asked to judge how many students are enrolled in his introductory biology class. He replies, “about 100….well, maybe between about 90 and 110.” Based on the discussion of confidence intervals, you predict that:
Question 10 options:
John is likely to be heavily influenced by the confirmation bias
John’s estimate probably relies too heavily on the ease with which examples come to mind
John probably relied too heavily on the initial anchor of 100 students
John probably would have been wiser to use the representativeness heuristic to estimate the confidence intervals
