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Dr. Gomez completed her study investigating the effect of stress on…
Dr. Gomez completed her study investigating the effect of stress on consumption of carbohydrates and, based on her analysis of the data, concluded that increasing a person’s stress level leads to an increase consumption of carbohydrates. If this inference is correct, the study has achieved
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treatment diffusion.
statistical significance.
demand characteristics.
statistical conclusion validity.
Which of the following is an example of an “experimenter-expectancy effect?”
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the experimenter “expects” females to experience more difficulty on a math task so the experimenter unintentionally behaves in ways that undermine the performance of females on the math task
participants in a study are nice behave differently for the attractive experimenter than for the less attractive experimenter
participants come to experiments with preconceived notions of what they are supposedto do, and perform based on those notions rather than on what they are asked to do.
a researcher finds that his participants did not behave as he expected them to, so hechanges his statement of his hypothesis when he writes up his results
The quality of an experiment is judged by its internal validity. When we say that an experiment is internally valid, it means that
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we can confidently state that any observed changes in the dependent variable result from manipulations of the independent variable(s) and nothing else.
within the context of the experiment, each time we take a measure of the dependent variable from a participant, we get roughly the same result.
our operational definitions of the dependent and independent variables accurately capture the concepts those variables are meant to represent.
our operational definitions of variables are valid, but only within the context of that one experiment.
Dr. Kenji wants to determine whether his new phonics program helps children’s reading comprehension. He gives a fifth grade class the program and also studies a second grade class that does not go through the program. He finds that the fifth graders read with better comprehension. Identify the confounding variable in this research design.
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not giving one group the program
the grade the students are in
the phonics program
reading comprehension scores
Janice is taking the SAT to meet an entrance requirement for a college. On her first attempt she scores way below average. She decides to review and then take the test again to see if she can improve her score. She then scored higher the second time she took the test. This example illustrates the possibility of ________________ as a plausible rival hypothesis.
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regression artifact
maturation
selection
history
In an experiment on the effects of massed versus distributed practice on learning, introductory psychology students who volunteered for extra credit were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Both groups were to practice a perceptual-motor task five times for 10 minutes each. Group 1 did all five 10-minute practice sessions in one evening while group 2 was asked to do one 10-minute practice session a night for five consecutive nights. All of the participants in Group 1 completed the experiment, but only 30% of the participants in Group 2 showed up for all five nights. This study is an example of confounding by
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history.
selection bias.
differential attrition.
demand characteristics.
Evelyn has a new speed reading program she wants to test. She trains 6 people on her program, then measures their reading speed. This is an example of which experimental design?
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Evelyn has a new speed reading program she wants to test. She trains 6 people on her program, then measures their reading speed. This is an example of which experimental design
one-group pretest-posttest design
non-equivalent posttest-only design
non-equivalent before-after (pretest-posttest) design
