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ASAP PLEASE, I AM HAVING MY EXAM 1. Michael has been sent to his…
ASAP PLEASE, I AM HAVING MY EXAM
1. Michael has been sent to his room for sitting on his baby sister. His mother will come in and talk to him about why he cannot treat his sister this way and about other, more acceptable ways for him to express his anger. Which parenting style does this BEST exemplify?
authoritarian
authoritative
permissive-indulgent
permissive-uninvolved/neglectful
2. Vygotsky differed from Piaget in how he stressed the relative importance of ____________ in influencing children’s cognitive development.
biology
discontinuity
other people
independence
3. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, the stage of preoperations is characterized by children’s
ability to think abstractly.
make-believe play and symbolic ability.
ability to conserve.
understanding of social roles.
4. With regard to self-concept, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Preschoolers tend to accurately reflect their skills and abilities when describing themselves.
During the elementary school years, children tend to define themselves based on psychological traits and characteristics.
Compared to individualistic cultures, children in collectivistic societies tend to define themselves in terms of group membership.
During early childhood, preschoolers tend to focus on physical traits and characteristics when talking about how they are different from other children.
5. Centration inhibits the ability to conserve because it prevents one from
focusing only on one feature.
considering combinations of features.
using creativity in approaching the task.
understanding another person’s physical perspective.
6. The best way to prevent childhood deaths in American society today would be
better childhood immunizations and vaccinations.
closer adult monitoring and supervision of children to prevent accidents.
to develop better treatments for childhood diseases.
to increase children’s fluid consumption to prevent dehydration
7. Developmental outcomes associated with Baumrind’s parenting styles are not generally influenced by contextual factors such as culture or economic status.
True
False
8. When 5-year-old Haley nurturingly acts out domestic scenes with her baby doll (e.g., feeding it a bottle, changing its diaper), she is exhibiting __________.
gender stereotypes
gender identity
gender typing
a gender role
9. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about socio-emotional development during the childhood years?
Research has shown that viewing violence on television is unrelated to subsequent aggressive behavior.
Younger children are more likely to be maltreated or victims of abuse than older children.
Girls are more likely to display relational aggression than boys.
none of the above
10. Which parenting style has been linked with unhappy, fearful, and anxious behavior in children?
authoritarian
authoritative
permissive-indulgent
permissive-uninvolved/neglectful
11.
12. Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between centration and conservation?
The ability to conserve requires centration.
Centration is due to a lack of conservation.
Lack of conservation is influenced by centration.
Conservation is independent of centration
13. In talking to his Grandma on the phone, 4-year-old Lucas suddenly exclaims, “Oh, look at that pretty red bird!” When his grandmother asks him to describe the bird, Lucas says, “Out there, Grandma! Right out there!” He finally gets frustrated and hangs up. This is an example of Piaget’s concept of _________.
animism
intuitive thought
centration
egocentrism
14. The understanding of the permanence of certain attributes of objects or situations (e.g., quantity or amount) despite superficial changes in appearance is called ___________.
centration
assimilation
accommodation
conservation
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15. Which of the following parenting styles has high demandingness and low responsiveness?
authoritarian
authoritative
permissive-indulgent
permissive-uninvolved/neglectful
16. Four-year-old Liam feels and believes that he is a boy. Liam has acquired __________.
a gender identity
a gender stereotype
gender awareness
gender constancy
17. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of concrete operational thought?
acquisition of conservation
egocentrism
understanding reversibility
logical thinking
18. Of the following children, who is at GREATEST risk for physical injury?
4-year-old Sarah, who lives in the suburbs
the Cheng’s 5-year-old son, who immigrated from China
4-year-old John, who lives in an urban, inner city
all of the above children are equally likely to suffer injury
19. One of the important outcomes of the coregulation approach is that it
ensures children behave appropriately.
helps children begin to develop self-control skills.
helps children develop respect for their parents’ and other adults’ wishes.
makes sure children develop good study skills to ensure academic success.
20. Pat was not paying attention when his teacher told the class how to divide numbers. Pat later failed his math test on division because of his failure to __________ information.
encode
understand
store
retrieve
21. Compared to the infancy period, physical changes (e.g., height and weight, brain development) in childhood
occur at the same rate.
are faster and greater.
occur in greater spurts.
are slower and smaller.
22. Which of the following would NOT be of interest to an advocate or theorist of the information-processing approach to cognitive development?
encoding and representation
use of memory strategies
centration
retrieval failures
23. How would an 8-year-old child (middle childhood) MOST likely describe herself in terms of self-concept?
“I am 8, and I have a bicycle.”
“I have red hair and brown eyes.”
“I plan on becoming a teacher.”
“I am nice, and I have a close friend named, Julie.”
24. Piaget believed that preoperational children were unable to correctly solve conservation tasks because of __________ and __________.
egocentric thought; their tendency toward centration
egocentric thought; their incomplete understanding of reversibility
their tendency toward centration; their incomplete understanding of reversibility
their tendency toward centration; their incomplete understanding of object permanence
25. During the preoperational stage, children begin to use language and engage in make believe play, both of which reflect changes in children’s
ability to conserve.
understanding of symbols.
egocentric thought.
understanding of animism.
