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ProfDolphin572
A null hypothesis states that _____. Question 1 options: …
A null hypothesis states that _____.
Question 1 options:
a. the experimental group will score higher than the control group on the dependent measure
b. there will not be a difference between the control and the experimental conditions on the dependent measure
c. there will be a difference between the control and the experimental conditions on the dependent measure
d. the experimental group will score lower than the control group on the dependent measure
Question 2
A researcher wants to study if a drug improves people’s health. What is the null hypothesis in this study?
Question 2 options:
a. The people who take the drug will be healthier than the people who do not take the drug.
b. There will be a difference in how healthy people are depending on whether they took the drug or a placebo.
c. The people who took the drug will not be healthier than the people who did not take the drug.
d. There will be a difference in health scores between the groups in the study.
Question 3
A researcher wants to study if a drug improves people’s health. What is the research hypothesis in this study?
Question 3 options:
a. The health scores of the people who took the drug will be different than the health scores of people who did not take the drug.
b. The health scores of the people who took the drug will be higher (better) than the health scores of people who did not take the drug.
c. The health scores of the people who took the drug will not be different than the health scores of the people who did not take the drug.
d. The health scores of the people who took the drug will be the same as the health scores of people who did not take the drug.
Question 4
A one-tailed test has _____ than a two-tailed test does.
Question 4 options:
a. less power to reject the null hypothesis
b. more power to reject the null hypothesis
c. more power to reject the research hypothesis
d. less power to accept the research hypothesis
Question 5
If the cutoff sample score is _____ the null hypothesis and find support for the research hypothesis.
Question 5 options:
a. smaller than our statistical result (computed statistic, absolute value), we do not reject
b. bigger than our statistical result (computed statistic, absolute value), we do not reject
c. smaller than our statistical result (computed statistic, absolute value), we reject
d. none of the above
Question 6
The probability of making a Type I error is called _____.
Question 6 options:
a. alpha
b. beta
c. statistical improbability
d. theta
Question 7
A large standard deviation will _____.
Question 7 options:
a. increase the power to reject the research hypothesis
b. de crease the power to reject the null hypothesis
c. increase the power to reject the null hypothesis
d. not affect the power in the study
Question 8
The most practical way to increase the power of a study is to _____.
Question 8 options:
a. increase the sample size
b. decrease the sample size.
c. decrease the strength of the independent variable
d. increase the diversity of the sample
Question 9
The probability of _____ is called beta.
Question 9 options:
a. not rejecting the null hypothesis, when it is actually true,
b. not rejecting the null hypothesis, when it is actually false,
c. rejecting the null hypothesis, when it is actually true,
d. rejecting the null hypothesis, when it is actually false,
Question 10
If a researcher hypothesizes that the educational seminar will improve test scores, the researcher is conducting _____.
Question 10 options:
a. a two-tailed test.
b. a non-directional test
c. a skewed test
d. a one-tailed test.
Question 11
If a null hypothesis is rejected, we can conclude that _____.
Question 11 options:
a. the results were inconclusive
b. the research hypothesis is supported
c. the research hypothesis is inconclusive
d. the true hypothesis is conclusive
Question 12
A p value of .05 will _____.
Question 12 options:
a. increase the likelihood of making a Type I error compared to a p value of .01
b. increase the likelihood of making a Type II error compared to a p value of .01
c. not affect the likelihood of making a Type II error compared to a p value of .01
d. not affect the likelihood of making a Type I error compared to a p value of .01
Question 13
The _____ refers to the numbers (mean and variability information) that correspond to the general population (not the test participants).
Question 13 options:
a. control distribution
b. experimental distribution
c. comparison distribution
d. sample distribution
Question 14
The two branches of statistical methods are _____.
Question 14 options:
a. descriptive and inferential
b. intuitive and descriptive
c. descriptive and nonparametric
d. inferential and diagnostic
Question 15
If the _____ hypothesis is actually false and the study has a _____ level of power, it is likely that a significant result will be found.
Question 15 options:
a. research; low
b. null; low
c. null; high
d. all the above
Question 16
If a study has a high level of power, then _____.
Question 16 options:
a. it is likely that the null hypothesis will be rejected and the research hypothesis will be inconclusive
b. it is likely that the null hypothesis will be rejected and the research hypothesis will be supported
c. it is likely that the research hypothesis will be rejected and the null hypothesis will be inconclusive
d. it is likely that the null hypothesis will be rejected and the research hypothesis will be rejected
Question 17
We make a Type I error when we _____.
Question 17 options:
a. reject a false null hypothesis
b. reject a false research hypothesis
c. do not reject a null hypothesis that is actually false
d. reject a null hypothesis that is actually true
Question 18
We make a Type II error when we _____.
Question 18 options:
a. do not reject a false null hypothesis
b. reject a false null hypothesis
c. do not reject a true research hypothesis
d. reject a true null hypothesis
Question 19
The amount of disparity between the means of two populations in a study due to the experimental manipulation is called _____.
Question 19 options:
a. experimental efficacy
b. the effect size
c. the significance level
d. magnitude size
Question 20
A method for organizing a study in which the effect of two or more variables is examined at once by making groupings of every combination of the variables is a(n) _____.
Question 20 options:
a. repeated measures research design
b. influential research design
c. factorial research design
d. multiple research design
Question 21
What is the main advantage of using a factorial design instead of doing separate studies of each variable?
Question 21 options:
a. Speed: with a factorial design you are able to carry out a study at twice the speed of other designs.
b. Effect size: with a factorial design you can increase the effect size by a factor of 2-4.
c. Certainty: a factorial design permits you to be more confident that neither a Type I nor a Type II error has been made.
d. Efficiency: with a factorial design you study both variables at once without needing twice as many participants.
Question 22
A sociologist is interested in the effects of Annual Income and Motivations to Shop on shopping patterns of consumers. If Annual Income (with two levels: High and Moderate) and Motivation to Shop (with three levels: Escape, Necessity, and Socializing) are considered in one study, how many cells will the design include?
Question 22 options:
a. 2
b. 5
c. 6
d. 13
Question 23
When the influence of one variable changes according to the level of another variable, _____.
Question 23 options:
a. two-way effect has occurred
b. an interaction effect has occurred
c. a main effect has occurred
d. an insignificant effect has occurred
Question 24
One interaction and two main effects are tested in _____.
Question 24 options:
a. a four-way factorial design
b. a three-way factorial design
c. a two-way factorial design
d. a one-way factorial design
Question 25
In a factorial design, a “cell” is ____.
Question 25 options:
a. the combination of different levels of one variable, ignoring any other variables
b. a study with a single two-level variable
c. a particular combination of levels of the variables that divide the groups
d. the same thing as a main effect
Question 26
By comparing the pattern of cell means across one row to the pattern of cell means across another row, we can identify _____.
Question 26 options:
a. a main effect
b. a two-way effect
c. a one-way effect
d. an interaction effect
Question 27
In experiments, the variable that represents the effect of the experimental procedure is known as the _____.
Question 27 options:
a. dependent variable
b. independent variable
c. main effect
d. main variable
Question 28
A _____ design tests three levels of one variable and two levels of a second variable.
Question 28 options:
a. three-way analysis of variance
b. 2 x 6 analysis of variance
c. a 3 x 2 analysis of variance
d. six-way analysis of variance
Question 29
There is(are) _____ in a two-way analysis of variance.
Question 29 options:
a. one F ratio
b. two F ratios
c. three F ratios
d. as many F ratios as there are cells in the design
Question 30
In both a ____ the same groups of people are tested twice and in both a _____ different groups of people are tested once.
Question 30 options:
a. t test for dependent means and repeated-measures analysis of variance; t test for independent means and ordinary analysis of variance
b. t test for dependent means and ordinary analysis of variance; t test for independent means and repeated-measures analysis of variance
c. t test for a single sample and repeated-measures analysis of variance; t test for dependent means and ordinary analysis of variance
d. t test for independent means and repeated-measures analysis of variance; t test for dependent means and ordinary analysis of variance
