After reading this passage what are your thoughts on it ?  …

jerrymagorombo123After reading this passage what are your thoughts on it ?  …After reading this passage what are your thoughts on it ? “Emotional Regulation and CopingDuring the first year of life, the infant gradually develops an ability to inhibit, or minimize, the intensity and duration of emotional reactions (Calkins, 2012). From early in infancy, babies put their thumbs in their mouths to soothe themselves. But at first, infants mainly depend on caregivers to help them soothe their emotions, as when a caregiver rocks an infant to sleep, sings lullabies to the infant, gently strokes the infant, and so on.The caregivers’ actions influence the infant’s neurobiological regulation of emotions (Hanford & others, 2018). Infant crying elicits neuropsychological responses in mothers, too, and mothers who are better able to regulate their own emotional responses to their infants’ cries are able to respond to infants in more sensitive ways (Firk & others, 2018). A longitudinal study following infants from the age of 10 to 18 months found that infants with mothers who engaged in sensitive caregiving showed better emotion regulation and took longer to become distressed; maternal sensitivity was especially important for infants who showed low or medium levels of sustained attention, suggesting that infants who do not have the internal resources to regulate their emotions especially benefit from external supports (Frick & others, 2018).In the second year of life, when infants become aroused, they sometimes redirect their attention or distract themselves in order to reduce their arousal (Schoppmann, Schneider, & Seehagen, 2019). By 2 years of age, toddlers can use language to define their feeling states and the context that is upsetting them (Kopp & Neufeld, 2002). A toddler might say, “Feel bad. Dog scare.” This type of communication may help caregivers to assist the child in regulating emotion.Contexts can influence emotional regulation (Easterbrooks & others, 2013). Infants are often affected by fatigue, hunger, time of day, which people are around them, and where they are. Infants must learn to adapt to different contexts that require emotional regulation. Further, new demands appear as the infant becomes older and parents modify their expectations. For example, a parent may take it in stride if a 6-month-old infant screams in a grocery store but may react very differently if a 2-year-old starts screaming.Page 279To soothe or not to soothe—should a crying baby be given attention and soothed, or does this spoil the infant? Many years ago, the behaviorist John Watson (1928) argued that parents spend too much time responding to infant crying. As a consequence, he said, parents reward crying and increase its incidence. However, infancy experts Mary Ainsworth (1979) and John Bowlby (1989) stress the value of responding when infants cry during the first year of life. They argue that a quick, comforting response to the infant’s cries is an important ingredient in the development of a strong bond between the infant and caregiver. In one of Ainsworth’s studies, infants whose mothers responded quickly when they cried at 3 months of age cried less later in the first year of life (Bell & Ainsworth, 1972).Controversy still surrounds the question of whether or how parents should respond to an infant’s cries, particularly when infants are learning to sleep through the night. However, developmentalists increasingly argue that an infant cannot be spoiled in the first year of life, which suggests that parents should soothe a crying infant. This reaction should help infants develop a sense of trust and secure attachment to the caregiver. When mothers are physiologically aroused and emotionally dysregulated in caregiving situations that are distressing to infants, infants are less likely to develop secure attachment relationships and are at increased risk for developing behavior problems (Leerkes & others, 2017). One study found that problems in infant soothability at 6 months of age were linked to insecure attachment at 12 months of age (Mills-Koonce, Propper, & Barnett, 2012).” Should a crying baby be given attention and soothed, or does this spoil the infant? Should the infant’s age, the type” Social SciencePsychology