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CommodoreBeeMaster994
Cross-cultural psychology can be defined as a field that…
Cross-cultural psychology can be defined as a field that specializes in studying and conceptualizing the c
Confused on this question can you help please
Question 1
Cross-cultural psychology can be defined as a field that specializes in studying and conceptualizing the relationships between: choose ALL THAT APPLY.
a. human behavioral functioning
b. animal behavioral functioning
c. mental functioning
d. emotional functioning
Question 2
Which of the following is NOT considered a universal emotional facial expression?
a.Surprise
b. Shame
c. Disgust
d. anger
Question 3
Which of the following are examples of cultural display rules: Choose all that apply
a. People in the U.S. and Australia are likely to interpret smiling as friendly and happy. It is common to smile at strangers as an expression of goodwill.
b. People in India bite their lip to convey embarrassment, but in the U.S. biting one’s lip doesn’t convey any specific message.
c. Extended eye contact, even staring, in Nepal is considered appropriate but rude in other cultures.
e. Facial expressions of disgust are not common in Japan because overt facial expressions of negative emotions, such as disgust, are considered inappropriate in Japanese culture.
f It is considered rude to post actual images of people in Asian countries, and this is why they use so many cartoonish type characters.
Question 4
Woman and men are largely equal in terms of engaging in domestic or household labor across all cultures.
a. True
b. False
Question 5
Frame of reference for someone who believes their culture is the proper and correct way to view the world; they may hold unexamined assumptions about other cultures. What is this called?
a. Narrowminded
b. Ethnodecentric
c. Ethnocentric
d. Ethnogeneralizing
Question 6
Applied Question: Let’s say you are giving an intellectual assessment and you ask a foreign born child to tell you the function of an object you show them a picture of. You show them a picture of a typical westernized washing machine common in American households and ask him to name and give the function. What are some problems to consider? Check all that apply
a. There may be a language barrier in that naming objects may not have the same translation or there may be mistranslation.
b. The object may represent a similar looking item in the child’s culture that has a different function or name.
c. A washing machine in that child’s culture may look different from the one presented in the picture.
d. The picture is meant to address intellectual functioning based on westernized norms and standards, and, therefore,
e. problems with translation or object recognition are irrelevant. It provides the measures generalizable to all children regardless of culture
Question 7
Borstein et al. examined patterns of exploratory, symbolic, and social play between mothers and infants in the U.S and Argentina: which of these are the findings?
a. U.S. mothers engage in more exploratory play, and boys within the U.S. culture also engage in more exploratory play than females in U.S. culture. Argentinean moms engaged in more social play.
b. Argentinean mothers engage in more exploratory play, and girls within that culture engage in more exploratory play.
c. Mothers and Fathers within both cultures engage in more exploratory play and less symbolic play unless the child is blind. U.S. mothers and fathers give more verbal praise than Argentinean mothers
d. U.S. mothers engaged more in fantasy stories about seeking adventures, while Argentinean moms engaged in more hidden object searching.
Question 8
In culture, we present with complex issues to research. What are some of the considerations or components that need to be considered? Choose all that apply.
a. political boundaries
b. economic considerations
c. familial, tribal, and personal relationships
d. language differences
e. cultural influence on self-reports and desire to represent the group
Question 9
Psychologists take an oath of benevolence, which includes applying scientific knowledge and insights in the pursuit of keeping the best interests of the client in mind, being non-judgmental, being an advocate, and doing no harm.
a. True
b. False
Question 10
_______________claims that humans evolved to thrive in distinctive environments, creating cultural influenced emotion variance.
Question 10 options:
a. Social Collectivism
b. Social Constructivism
c. Universality
d. Emotional Fluidity
Question 11
Imagine you want to study the stressors of those LGBTQ in two different cultures. What are some things you might need to consider? Check all that apply:
a. Cultural differences in how they view or define sexual orientations.
b. Other factors that might contribute to stress, like cultural work demands, personal daily stressors, and coping abilities.
c. How stress is triggered, experienced, expressed, or reported that might be different in other cultures due to sensation, language, or stigma.
d. Stress is universal in that it is experienced and expressed similarly across all cultures; therefore, one would use a standardized assessment and report all findings as valid.
Question 12
Quietness and shyness are perceived or attributed similarly across cultures as a social weakness or inferior skill. Quietness is almost never associated with strength or confidence in any cultural setting.
A. true
b. false
Question 13
Markus and Kitayama (1991) proposed that individualism and collectivism influenced different self-concepts. In East Asian contexts, the self is more independent, or distinct from others. While, North Americans are more interdependent, in which one is more connected to others and responsive to situational demands.
a. true
b.. false
Question 14
What is back translation?
a. a technique where a person repeats what is said until it is desensitized.
b. a technique where a person repeats what is said until another person can repeat it exactly with the same tone, inflection, and pronunciation.
c. a technique of active listening where a person speaks to another person from another culture with their back turned so the other person must learn to recognize words with an accent without the use of reading lips.
d. a technique where testing material is translated back and forth between languages until it is the most closest in equivalency.
Question 15
Which of the following are true or represent an applied example of individualistic, collectivistic, and morality contexts. Choose all that are true. (Miller, Bersoff, & Har-wood, 1990).
a. Individualistic persons are more likely to be concerned about how their behaviors affect others, and collectivistic persons concerned about how their behaviors reflect their own dispositions.
b. Social responsibility in the form of beneficence is more likely in Indian morality but is more likely seen as an imposition against individual freedom of choice for Americans.
c. Individualistic persons are assumed to be the sole agents of their actions, and their behaviors are interpreted to reflect their own dispositions. In collectivistic persons, their behavior is influenced by relational concerns or others’ expectations and may reflect a group disposition.
d. In the U.S., one could drive by another person and give them the middle finger, and this reflects an action of individual irritation. In Asian cultures, driving by while “giving the bird” would reflect poorly on their entire family, cultural identity, and moral identity.
Question 16
Compared with North Americans, East Asians engage in more dialectical thinking (i.e., they are more tolerant of contradiction and change). Therefore, they accept that positive and negative feelings can occur simultaneously. This is something that North Americans may benefit from in addressing complex problems.
a. true
b. false
Question 17
Which of the following are General Principles of the APA Ethical Code? Check ALL that apply.
a. Integrity
b. Justice
c. Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity
d. Belonging and Esteem
e. Fidelity and Responsibility
f Benevolence and Nonmalfeasance
Question 18
In a study (Cousins, 1989), U.S. and Japanese students were asked to complete the sentence, “I am ______.” What were the findings? Choose one.
a. U.S. students more likely to finish the phrase with psychological attributes (e.g., friendly, cheerful); Japanese participants were more likely to complete the phrase with references to their social roles and responsibilities (e.g., a daughter, a student).
b. U.S. males and Japanese males were more likely to finish the phrase with references to their relationships to others (i.e. father, husband)
c. U.S. females and Japanese females were more likely to finish the phrase with words like “capable, funny, and worthy.”
d. None of the above represent findings for this study as outlined in the readings.
Question 19
According to Harry Triandis (1994) model, understanding the concepts of _______________ and ____________help explain culture and bring balance to our perceptions about the world, explain differences, and reduce personal bias.
a. Individuality; Correction
b. Cultural Knowledge; Motivation
c. Masculinity; Power Difference
d. Individualism; Collectivism
Question 20
Intelligence cannot be understood fully or meaningfully without considering cultural context.
a. true
b. false
Question 21
One of the key benefits of cross cultural research is that findings from western research is guaranteed to generalize to other cultures, providing the need for less research.
a. true
b. false
Question 22
After Japan’s major tsunamis in 2011, there was an immediate need for crisis counselors. In general, Japanese are not aware of or rely heavily on westernized psychological services; however, it’s proven that immediate, effective counseling ethically minimizes trauma responses. In a country of few counseling resources and different cultural considerations, it would be ethical to provide culturally sensitive counseling to help consenting Japanese persons cope and reduce trauma outcomes.
a. true
b. false
Question 23
Imagine you are providing counseling to a woman by court order for domestic violence. She and her husband are from a highly restrictive and religious culture in which violence by husbands is allowed and condoned. Her husband has warned her that speaking to you will be considered a betrayal on him and their family and forbids disclosures. However, you are in the U.S., practicing under American law and ethics. What would you do? Check all good suggestions.
a. Seek information on and learn as much as you can about their culture and its rules.
b. You are obligated to act in benevolence, in a way that minimizes harm to your client; navigating the court requirement and notifying them of the husbands response, anticipating the needs of your client with the least amounts of disclosures, and minimizing potential negative outcomes for your client.
c. Tell the woman that it doesn’t matter what her husband says, they are in the U.S., and they must abide by U.S. rules, and she should tell him so.
d. Ask the client what she is comfortable doing, and follow her lead. If needed, prepare resources and a safe place for shelter and care. Ask if another trusted individual within her culture would be deemed appropriate without negative outcomes to provide ethical advice or support- help client identify safe places and persons.
Question 24
You are a mental health provider or counselor providing services to someone who is Muslim and gay. You are Christian and straight. It would be appropriate for you to share your uninvited beliefs that you think they are doing something wrong in order to “save them from themselves” because you believe you are helping them out of love or benevolence. You see other colleagues refrain and suspend their beliefs to provide care, but you feel that this only enables a client to do more wrong and denies your personal rights. You believe you are exactly what the client needs and dismiss a need to refer out.
a. true
b. false
Question 25
Which of the following are ethical responsibilities for any psychologist: Check all that apply
a. Must obtain training to ensure competence and recognize any limitations of competence issues in working with clients.
b. If no options to refer out, clinical must seek out and learn important aspects of a client’s culture or perspective in order to provide effective and ethical treatment.
c. become aware of and respect cultural, individual, and role differences, including age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, and socioeconomic status.
d. Eliminate biases or knowingly participate in or condone activities of others based upon such prejudices.
