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Draft a literature review that includes the following. Based…
Draft a literature review that includes the following.
Based on the selected topic, draft a literature review, and develop the research question. Use the works identified in Part 1 – Topic Selection/ Annotated Bibliography to draft your literature review( SEE BELOW). Conduct additional research USE THE SCHOLARLY REFERENCE BELOW to identify alternate works. You should have three scholarly works to draft the literature review.
Introduction of the literature review that identifies the topic and discusses the central themes or organizational patterns
Refer to the media on Getting cozy with APA (opens in new window) and additional resources or writing style to structure your introduction.
Summary of the sources, organized either chronologically, thematically, or methodologically.
Conclusion that
Synthesizes research results of what is and is not known, clearly identifying the gap in the research
Identifies areas of controversy in the literature
Based on the research, formulates a question that needs further research.
How does the research address part of the identified gap?
Reference- PLEASE USE IN DRAFT
Westwater, M. L., Fletcher, P. C., & Ziauddeen, H. (2016). Sugar addiction: the state of the science. European Journal of Nutrition, 55, 55-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1229-6
Avena, N. M., Rada, P., & Hoebel, B. G. (2008). Evidence for sugar addiction: behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(1), 20-39. Retrieved on 1/19/23 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.04.019
DiNicolantonio, J. J., O’Keefe, J. H., & Wilson, W. L. (2018). Sugar addiction: is it real? A narrative review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(14), 910-913.
Westwater, M. L., Fletcher, P. C., & Ziauddeen, H. (2016). Sugar addiction: the state of the science. European Journal of Nutrition, 55, 55-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1229-6
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETED IN PART 1
Sugar Addiction/Annotated Bibliography
The article “Evidence for Sugar Addiction: Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of Intermittent, Excessive Sugar Intake” was written by lead author Nicole M. Avena, along with Pedro Rada and Bartley G. Hoebel. Dr. Avena is a neuroscientist who specializes in the study of addiction and food reward, with a focus on the addictive qualities of sugar ingestions: Dr. Avena is also an adjunct professor in the Department of Psychology at New York University and a research assistant professor at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. Dr. Rada has done extensive research on the craving for drugs and methods for preventing relapse, and is a recognized authority on the behavior and food-seeking habits of rats. Finally, Dr. Hoebel is an accomplished neurobiologist who studies the neurochemical underpinnings of appetite regulation. Particularly regarding those associated with rewards from eating palatable foods such as sugar. Although the authors’ reasoning appears to be free of biases or preconceptions, it is essential to highlight that their study was conducted on animal models and not humans. Therefore, it is only possible to know whether their conclusions hold true for humans with further research. While their findings are based on the careful observation and study of biochemical changes brought on by long-term sugar intake in rats, they may light how people may develop a tolerance for and dependence on sugar through similar means. To determine the effects of intermittent access to sucrose or other sweeteners, the authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of animal research published between 1999 and 2007.
The authors used various methods to obtain and analyze data, including immunocytochemistry, operant conditioning experiments, stereological measurements, and sensory-motor coordination tests. Animals were chosen to take part in the research because scientists believe they provide the best model for studying aspects of human behavior. This is because animals can be seen in controlled environments with many factors remaining the same. Although the species of animals utilized varied from study to study, rats were the most common (with some studies utilizing monkeys). Data gathering methods included direct observation techniques such as recording time spent engaging in behaviors related to sugar consumption, self-administration tests measuring responsiveness to sweet tastes, and operant conditioning with incentive responses. Although the analysis approach varied depending on the type of data gathered, it typically involved calculating mean values or sums for particular measures like the quantity consumed or the amount of time spent engaging in a specific behavior. Overall, this article provides an extensive systematic review demonstrating evidence for sugar addiction based on animal models. The authors conducted experiments on rats to study their behavior when exposed to intermittent, excessive sugar intake. As a result, they concluded that the rats exhibited classic signs of addiction, such as tolerance, cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and relapse. The authors believe this could suggest a similar phenomenon among humans; however, they acknowledge that more research is needed to understand sugar addiction fully.
This article provides compelling evidence for potential sugar addiction among humans. While further research is still needed, Avena et al.’s study provides a solid foundation for future studies. Further examination into potential bias associated with this experiment would be beneficial in confirming or adding nuance to its conclusions. Avena, Rada, and Hoebel review sugar addiction data in this article.
The authors explain how intermittent, excessive sugar intake affects behavior and neurochemistry. The study examines how excessive sugar consumption activates a brain reward system comparable to drug or alcohol addiction. This study links sugar addiction to changed brain chemistry using behavioral and pharmacological methods. Based on current addiction neuroscience research, this literature is high-quality. It offers a well-structured argument supported by evidence from both behavioral experiments and biochemical studies. The authors also provide several relevant references which support their claims throughout the Article. In addition, they consider potential confounding factors such as age, gender, and genetic factors, which could affect findings in this research area. The research is up-to-date and does not go against official policies or established scholarly norms.
The relevance of this work to a potential research topic is clear: it provides new insights into how excessive sweets might cause alterations in brain chemistry that are similar to those seen with drug and alcohol addiction. Moreover, by examining both behavioral and biochemical approaches, this study sheds light on how these changes can manifest in diverse ways depending on individual characteristics such as age, gender, or genetics. This information may be useful for further investigation into this topic and guide future treatment strategies for those struggling with sugar addiction. This study provides valuable insight into how sugar consumption may lead to addictive behaviors and warrants further research into its implications for health outcomes, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children who are more likely to be regularly exposed to sweets in schools and homes.
References
Avena, N. M., Rada, P., & Hoebel, B. G. (2008). Evidence for sugar addiction: behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake. Neuroscience and
