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CommodoreFreedom2567
Explain the following debates: nativism vs. empiricism, group…
Explain the following debates: nativism vs. empiricism, group similarities vs. individual
differences, and quantitative vs. qualitative development. Can we separate nature and
nurture?
3. What are some of the historical changes that have made it more important to use a lifespan
perspective in developmental psychology? What are mortality rates? What are kilogram
kids? What are some recent factors affecting these demographic characteristics?
4. Describe these following theorists’ views of childhood: Descartes, Locke, and Hall. What
sorts of historical contexts may have influenced them?
5. Explain the utility of using cross-sectional, longitudinal, and time-lag designs in
developmental research. Explain the relationship between correlation and causation. How
does an experiment differ from an observation? What are some problems with conducting
developmental research in particular?
6. Describe basic theories of Freud, Piaget, Vygotsky, the Ethologists, and Bronfenbrenner.
What are schemas? Describe and give examples of assimilation, accommodation,
equilibration, and de’collage. Describe and give examples of Vygotsky’s stages of speech,
scaffolding, and the zone of proximal development. Explain the phrase, “Ontogeny
recapitulates phylogeny.” What did Hall think this meant? Be able to define and explain the
microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.
7. What are genes? What are chromosomes? What are the differences between a genotype and
a phenotype? Why are twins not the same as clones? What is epigenetics? Give some
examples of this process at work.
8. What can research about genetic defects, chromosomal defects, and teratogens tell us about
the nature of development? Does research in this area impact the definition of development?
Why or why not? Explain and give examples of the terms: genes, chromosome, genotype,
phenotype, and epigenetics.
9. Describe a genetic disorders we discussed. Explain dominant and recessive inheritance
patterns. What does it mean to be a carrier?
10. Explain these terms regarding inheritance: trisomy, mosaicism, and chimera. What are the
three main examples of trisomy?
11. What are the typical sex chromosome patterns for males and females? Explain the following
variations: Turner Syndrome, Klinefelter’s Syndrome, XYY Syndrome, and XXX syndrome.
Explain why males are more susceptible to X chromosome problems. What are Androgen Insensitive males and Guevedoces? How could disorders involving sex chromosomes affect
our definitions of sex and gender?
12. Explain the logic of twin and adoption studies. What are monozygotic and dizygotic twins?
What percentage of genes are shared by the different groups used in twin studies? Be able to
work through some examples of data from twin studies.
13. What is Stern’s Rubber Band Hypothesis? Be able to explain examples.
14. What are the stages of prenatal development? What are some of the main accomplishments
of each stage?
15. What are mutagens and teratogens? Describe the effects of some teratogens. Why is it so
difficult to study teratogens? What are some of the limitations of this research? How can
these limitations be addressed in research? Describe the effects of parental age.
16. What are the different birth classifications? What are some of the characteristics of preemies?
Describe some of the characteristics of newborns. What is neoteny?
17. What are the average sizes for newborns? Describe the APGAR test. What does it predict?
