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UltraKnowledge7893
please read and answer these questions part 1 Researchers are…
please read and answer these questions
part 1
Researchers are interested in understanding the potential relationship between playing online brain training games intended to increase memory (like Lumosity), and memory. The researchers randomly assign participants to two groups: group 1 plays the games in an app for 20 minutes every day for two weeks, and group 2 does not play the game. At the end of two weeks, the researchers give all participants a test to assess their memory.
1) Restate the two variables here:
2) Are the variables quantitative or categorical? The variable __________________ is _________________ and the variable __________________ is ___________________
3) Are the variables measured or manipulated? The variable __________________ is _________________ and the variable __________________ is ________________
4) Which should the researchers use to analyze their data, a t-test or a correlation coefficient?
5) Is the design of this study correlational or experimental? Justify your answer.
ONCE YOU HAVE COMPLETED PARTS 1-5, you can move on to part 6 – part 6 adds some new information, which you should not consider when you’re answering parts 1-5.
6) Findings: Let’s suppose that the researchers find that participants who played the game have better memory than those who did not. Now, consider whether, given this information, you have grounds for a claim of causation – particularly, for the claim that brain training games increase memory.
6a) Is there covariance? Explain what that means, and how you know there is or is not covariance.
6b) Is there temporal precedence? Explain what that means, and how you know that there is or is not temporal precedence.
6c) Is there an internal validity problem? That is – is there a third variable that might be causing both of the other two variables?
7a) Finally, let’s suppose that all of the participants in this study are between the ages of 45 and 60. What would you think about the external validity of this study? To whom might these results generalize, and to whom may they not generalize?
7b) Consider the possibility that age may moderate the relationship between playing online brain training games and memory. What would that mean? Propose one pattern of results that would show this relationship (there are mutliple patterns that could occur!).
You may find it easiest this week to use the “Quote” option when you reply to this thread – that way you can type your answers directly beneath my questions, rather than constantly having to scroll back and forth – but it is up to you!
part 2 proposes a possible third variable (that has not already been proposed) that could explain the relationship between the two target variables.
Researchers are interested in understanding the potential relationship between regular meditation and concentration. College students answered a question about how often they had meditated in the past 6 weeks, and were then given a test of concentration.
1) Restate the two variables here:
2) Are the variables quantitative or categorical? The variable __________________ is _________________ and the variable __________________ is ___________________
3) Are the variables measured or manipulated? The variable __________________ is _________________ and the variable __________________ is ________________
4) Which should the researchers use to analyze their data, a t-test or a correlation coefficient?
5) Is the design of this study correlational or experimental? Justify your answer.
ONCE YOU HAVE COMPLETED PARTS 1-5, you can move on to part 6 – part 6 adds some new information, which you should not consider when you’re answering parts 1-5.
6) Findings: Let’s suppose that the researchers find that students who meditated more scored higher on the concentration test. Now, consider whether, given this information, you have grounds for a claim of causation – particularly, the claim that regular meditation increases concentration.
6a) Is there covariance? Explain what that means, and how you know there is or is not covariance.
6b) Is there temporal precedence? Explain what that means, and how you know that there is or is not temporal precedence.
6c) Is there an internal validity problem? That is – is there a third variable that might be causing both of the other two variables?
7a) Finally, let’s suppose that all of the participants in this study are between the ages of 18 and 23. What would you think about the external validity of this study? To whom might these results generalize, and to whom may they not generalize?
7b) Consider the possibility that age may moderate the relationship between regular meditation and concentration. What would that mean? Propose one pattern of results that would show this relationship (there are mutliple patterns that could occur!).
You may find it easiest this week to use the “Quote” option when you reply to this thread – that way you can type your answers directly beneath my questions, rather than constantly having to scroll back and forth – but it is up to you!
part 3 propose another possible moderator
Researchers are interested in understanding the potential relationship between self-esteem and brain volume. Participants took a self-esteem survey and underwent a brain scan to measure the volume of their brains.
1) Restate the two variables here:
2) Are the variables quantitative or categorical? The variable __________________ is _________________ and the variable __________________ is ___________________
3) Are the variables measured or manipulated? The variable __________________ is _________________ and the variable __________________ is ________________
4) Which should the researchers use to analyze their data, a t-test or a correlation coefficient?
5) Is the design of this study correlational or experimental? Justify your answer.
ONCE YOU HAVE COMPLETED PARTS 1-5, you can move on to part 6 – part 6 adds some new information, which you should not consider when you’re answering parts 1-5.
6) Findings: Let’s suppose that the researchers find that participants who have lower self-esteem have smaller brains. Now, consider whether, given this information, you have grounds for a claim of causation – particularly for the claim that low self-esteem shrinks the brain.
6a) Is there covariance? Explain what that means, and how you know there is or is not covariance.
6b) Is there temporal precedence? Explain what that means, and how you know that there is or is not temporal precedence.
6c) Is there an internal validity problem? That is – is there a third variable that might be causing both of the other two variables?
7a) Finally, let’s suppose that all of the participants in this study have a high level of education – they have all at least completed college, and many have advanced degrees. What would you think about the external validity of this study? To whom might these results generalize, and to whom may they not generalize?
7b) Consider the possibility that being highly educated may moderate the relationship between self-esteem and brain size. What would that mean? Propose one pattern of results that would show this relationship (there are mutliple patterns that could occur!).
You may find it easiest this week to use the “Quote” option when you reply to this thread – that way you can type your answers directly beneath my questions, rather than constantly having to scroll back and forth – but it is up to you!
