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QUESTION 1 Managers and trainers often underestimate the power…
QUESTION 1
Managers and trainers often underestimate the power of _______, which takes place through observation and imitation of others.
reciprocal determinism
avoidance learning
classical conditioning
vicarious learning
QUESTION 2
Reinforcement that has _______ in its application (variable ratio or interval) has the strongest and longest-lasting impact on desired learned behaviors.
no variability
some variability
much variability
any amount of variability (doesn’t matter)
QUESTION 3
A behavioral definition is a simple, unambiguous, and objective description of a target behavior that defines how you are going to count the _______ (or DV).
criterion
proximal goals
target behavior
distal goals
QUESTION 4
Any behavior we want to change must be defined with precision, enough that anyone can read our behavioral definition and accurately _______ the behavior when it occurs.
measure
decrease
increase
ignore
QUESTION 5
Say your goal is to decrease the amount of time you spend shopping. Which behavioral definition is the best (i.e., most objective, unambiguous and measurable) example of a single behavior?
1 behavior = spending money at a store
1 behavior = thinking about shopping
1 behavior = spending time at a store
1 behavior = spending $10 at a store
QUESTION 6
A/n _______ reinforcement schedule rewards desired behavior every time it occurs while a/n _______ reinforcement schedule rewards desired behavior at specific intervals, not every time desired behavior is exhibited.
continuous; partial
partial; continuous
unconditioned; conditioned
conditioned; unconditioned
QUESTION 7
Anything that causes a certain behavior to be repeated or inhibited is called _______.
shaping
habit
reinforcement
punishment
QUESTION 8
The process of improving performance incrementally, step by step, is referred to as _______.
shaping
avoidance learning
extinction
vicarious learning
QUESTION 9
_______ occurs when someone attempts to avoid an unpleasant condition or outcome by behaving in a way desired by others.
Vicarious learning
Avoidance learning
Extinction
Shaping
QUESTION 10
A/n _______ goal can be defined as the level of target behavior that is acceptable.
distal
proximal
complex
simple
QUESTION 11
_______ goals are nearer in time whereas _______ goals are far off in the future.
simple; complex
complex; simple
proximal; distal
distal; proximal
QUESTION 12
Ten students can have the same target behavior (say, to exercise more) yet develop ten different ways of approaching it based on their current level of behavior (exercise) and what their end goal is.
True
False
QUESTION 13
_______ is the process by which one screens, selects, organizes, and interprets stimuli to give them meaning.
Perceptual selectivity
Perceptual organization
Perception
Perceptual defense
QUESTION 14
_______ concerns the process by which individuals attempt to make sense of the cause-effect relationships in their life space.
Social perception
Behavioral justification
Self-serving bias
Attribution theory
QUESTION 15
The need to ensure that one’s behaviors are consistent with their attitudes toward the event is called attribution theory.
True
False
QUESTION 16
________ refer(s) to the extent to which an individual is interested in his or her assigned ________.
Tasks; job involvement
Job involvement; tasks
Organizational commitment; job satisfaction
Job satisfaction; organizational commitment
QUESTION 17
The tendency for individuals to attribute success on an event or project to their own actions while attributing failure to others is referred to as _______.
selective perception
response salience
stereotyping
self-serving bias
QUESTION 18
A behavior which interferes with the successful completion of a target behavior is called a/n _______.
behavioral deficit
establishing operation
competing behavior
independent variable
QUESTION 19
The _______ stage of change means the person is not even thinking about changing, and possibly even actively resisting the idea of change.
action
preparation
contemplation
precontemplation
QUESTION 20
When making a behavior change plan, it is recommended that – in addition to developing a firm, detailed plan of action with very specific steps for solving the problem – you also _______.
make your intention to change public
keep your intention to change private
QUESTION 21
A person moves to the _______ stage of change after realizing their environment no longer supports their unhealthy lifestyle, or there is social pressure to change, or when directly requested from others (like a boss or a loved one) to change.
action
preparation
contemplation
precontemplation
QUESTION 22
The _______ stage of change when a person commits to changing and prepares to do so within the next month.
action
preparation
contemplation
precontemplation
QUESTION 23
Many people stay stuck in the _______ stage of change for a long period of time due to a fear of failure.
action
preparation
contemplation
precontemplation
QUESTION 24
The _______ stage of change – which lasts for months – is when we fully commit to change, involves being aware of potential pitfalls, and requires a great deal of time, energy, and sacrifice.
maintenance
action
contemplation
preparation
QUESTION 25
During the _______ stage of change, we engage in a process called _______, or replacing a problem behavior with a healthy behavior.
contemplation; counterweighting
action; countering
preparation; counterfeiting
action; counteracting
QUESTION 26
The last two stages of change are the _______ stage (when changes should, ideally, be permanent) and the _______ stage (when the end goal has been reached but relapse is still possible).
maintenance; termination
action; maintenance
preparation; termination
termination; maintenance
QUESTION 27
A behavioral definition is the same thing as a goal.
True
False
QUESTION 28
When our self-efficacy is _______, we feel like we can cope with life events and overcome obstacles.
low
high
QUESTION 29
The image below represents a decision making tool called a _______ analysis.
Image transcription text
Analysis # Which side won? Put an X on the appropriate line. Pros of Not Changing Cons of Not Changing 2
Pros of Not Changing Pros of Changing Pros of Changing Cons of Changing
partial
total
QUESTION 30
Our sense of self-efficacy has little effect on how successful we might be in achieving our goal of establishing a positive behavior or changing an unwanted behavior.
True
False
