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Question 1 Virtual Reality Therapy: a allows for the treatment…
Question 1
Virtual Reality Therapy:
a
allows for the treatment of phobias in real-life situations
b
should be done without a therapist
c
allows for the treatment of phobias in computer-generated environments
d
illustrates the principle of preparedness
Question 2
A conditioned preparatory response:
a
is the body responding to a CS by getting ready for a US.
b
happens with simple stimuli, like food.
c
is the way the body gets high from drugs.
d
is a mistake
Question 3
Pavlov thought that classical conditioning was the result of stimulus substitution, which is a situation where:
a
Some associations are easier to learn than others
b
None of the other answers are correct
c
The CR is opposite to the UR
d
A CS takes the place of US in a reflex
Question 4
In a conditioned suppression experiment using a rat it is necessary to:
a
Give the rat a behavior that it can perform repeatedly
b
Make sure the rat has not eaten for 24 hours
c
Use an extra loud tone as the CS
Question 5
The process of ____ is the strengthening of a fear response through brief exposures to a feared CS.
a
selective sensitization
b
preparedness
c
incubation
d
US revaluation
Question 6
A scientist trained a rat that a bell would be followed by a mild shock. After many trials, the rat showed a mild startle response when the bell was presented alone. Then, the intensity of the shock was increased, training continued with the same bell, and the scientist found that the rat showed a much more intense startle response to the bell alone. What happened?
a
conditioned compensation
b
overshadowing
c
US revaluation
d
latent inhibition
Question 7
The principle of equipotentiality states that:
a
illness can only be associated with light
b
behaviorists are wrong
c
some pairs of stimuli can be associated more easily than others
d
any two stimuli can be associated equally well
Question 8
In the Little Albert experiment conducted by John Watson and Rosalie Rayner, the rat was a:
a
CS
b
US
c
CR
d
UR
Question 9
First, a light CS is paired with a shock US over many trials. Then a tone is presented with the light as a compound CS, followed by the same shock US. When the animal is tested with a presentation of only the tone, it shows no conditional response (CR). The described procedure results in a phenomenon known as:
a
overshadowing
b
blocking
c
operant conditioning
d
systematic desensitization
Question 10
I get hungry every day around noon. This is an example of:
a
aversive conditioning
b
backward conditioning
c
temporal conditioning
d
digestive malaise
Question 11
In the Rescorla-Wagner Model, k:
a
is a precise number based on observable measurements
b
is always equal to lambda, or the maximum amount of learning
c
is not useful for the model
d
is made up
Question 12
In trace conditioning the CS ends before the US begins. The longer the time between the CS and the US:
a
The more likely that backward conditioning will take place
b
The more likely blocking will take place
c
The stronger conditioning will be
d
The weaker conditioning will be
Question 13
Hybrid treatments for phobias:
a
usually happen in the presence of the feared object or event
b
usually happen only through imagined interaction with the feared object or event
c
never include a model for behavior
d
none of the other answers are correct
Question 14
A response that has been extinguished
a
can be reacquired very slowly
b
cannot be learned again
c
transforms into a fixed action pattern
d
can be re-learned more rapidly than it was learned the first time
Question 15
According to the process of ____, a person’s reactivity to a fearful event could increase during a stressful event in his or her life.
a
selective sensitization
b
extinction
c
preparedness
d
incubation
Question 16
An experiment on classical conditioning involves the presentation of two stimuli of different intensity. This is most likely an experiment on which of the following phenomena?
a
overshadowing
b
sensory preconditioning
c
pseudoconditioning
d
blocking
Question 17
In ____, when one stimulus becomes a CS, another stimulus with which it was previously paired also becomes a CS.
a
higher-order conditioning
b
overshadowing
c
sensory preconditioning
d
US revaluation
Question 18
A sensory preconditioning experiment begins with the pairing of:
a
two unconditioned stimuli
b
a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
c
two neutral stimuli
d
a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
Question 19
_________ conditioning is likely to result in inhibitory conditioning.
a
Simultaneous
b
Temporal
c
Trace
d
Backward
Question 20
The major difficulty with Pavlov’s stimulus-substitution theory is that the conditioned and unconditioned response are:
a
never the same
b
sometimes quite different
c
both unpleasant
d
always identical
Question 21
If a rat is exposed to a tone repeatedly, eventually it will stop responding to the tone at all. But if you wait 24 hours and play the tone again, suddenly the rat responds. This is called:
a
spontaneous recovery
b
sensitization
c
latent learning
d
mutation
Question 22
Anyanka once received a bite while handling her bunny, and is now quite fearful each time she handles it. In this example, the bunny has become a(n) _____ stimulus.
a
appetitive
b
aversive
c
unconditioned
d
messy
Question 23
To measure aversive conditioning, behaviorists use a method called:
a
serendipity
b
systematic desensitization
c
temporal conditioning
d
conditioned suppression
Question 24
In a classical conditioning experiment, a light and a tone are presented together prior to the presentation of food. The presentation of the light and tone together is considered a ________________
a
compound stimulus
b
coordinate stimulus
c
CS+
d
latent inhibitor
Question 25
According to the process of ____, a person’s reactivity to a fearful event could increase during a stressful event in his or her life
a
preparedness
b
extinction
c
selective sensitization
d
incubation
