Research has found that school-aged children need a minimum of...

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Research has found that school-aged children need a minimum of…

Research has found that school-aged children need a minimum of _____ hours of sleep per day.

7 to 9

5 to 7

11 to 14

9 to 11

1 points

QUESTION 2

Fallon, a 28-year-old woman, is a drug addict. Nonprescription use of the drug she uses is illegal; hence, she does not buy it from a pharmacy. Instead, she brews it in the laboratory at her house using battery acid, drain cleaner, and over-the-counter cough medicines. Given this information, Fallon makes and uses:

methamphetamine.

heroin.

LSD.

PCP.

1 points

QUESTION 3

Tammy and Maureen enjoy a glass of wine with dinner. After the meal, each woman has a cigarette with a cup of coffee. How many psychoactive drugs did the women consume?

three

two

one

none

1 points

QUESTION 4

Dr. Suzuki is a sleep researcher who measures the electrical activity of participants’ brains to monitor their stages of sleep. Dr. Suzuki places electrodes on participants’ heads. Brain activity during sleep is transformed into a series of “spikes” or waves on a computer screen. Dr. Suzuki is using _____ to study the participants.

fMRI

REM

PET

an EEG

1 points

QUESTION 5

Althea is presenting research findings about perceptions of men and women drinking alcohol. She tells her group that women who are depicted with a beer in hand were:

more likely to be dehumanized by men, but not women.

more likely to be dehumanized by both men and women.

more likely to be dehumanized by women, but not men.

rated positively by men.

1 points

QUESTION 6

Ulrica thinks someone slipped something into her drink when she was dancing because her sense of time is distorted and she feels like she has been experiencing an emotional roller coaster. Ulrica probably ingested a _____, and she should be concerned about _____.

depressant; seizures

stimulant; seizures

stimulant; suffocation in her sleep

hallucinogen; memory impairment

1 points

QUESTION 7

_____ psychology underlies the study of consciousness.

Behavioral

Evolutionary

Humanistic

Cognitive

1 points

QUESTION 8

Which of these is an application of optogenetics in the field of psychology?

It helps researchers understand how motor signals travel the final common path of motor neurons to produce behavior.

With optogenetics, researchers can activate or deactivate an existing gene by replacing it with an artificial piece of DNA and see how it affects animals’ cognition.

With optogenetics, researchers can activate or deactivate neurons or groups of neurons over milliseconds and see how doing so affects animals’ behavior.

It helps researchers understand how electrical signals travel along the axons of individual neurons and then pass between brain cells.

1 points

QUESTION 9

Speech becomes slurred when one’s blood alcohol content reaches:

.10.

.05.

.15.

.08.

1 points

QUESTION 10

Researchers have come to understand the various stages of sleep by using _____ data.

MRI

PET

CAT

EEG

1 points

QUESTION 11

Psychologists refer to one’s awareness of oneself, one’s thoughts, and the environment as:

perception.

intelligence.

cognition.

consciousness.

1 points

QUESTION 12

A sleeper’s first dream usually begins:

a few minutes after falling asleep.

about 90 minutes after falling asleep.

about 90 minutes before waking up.

about halfway through the night’s sleep.

1 points

QUESTION 13

Troy writes in his paper on the different theories of dreaming, that the psychoanalytic theory proposes that:

“Dreams are people’s attempts to make meaning of random neural activity in the brain.”

“Dreams reflect the need for the brain to remain active even when people sleep.”

“Dreams are a form of ‘wish fulfillment,’ with dream content symbolizing people’s unconscious wishes and desires.”

“Dreams are the result of activation of a specific network of neurons within the limbic system of the brain.”

1 points

QUESTION 14

_____ developed the first hypnotic techniques in the 1770s.

Freud

Mesmer

Harlow

Hilgard

1 points

QUESTION 15

_____ allows information to be collected and saved (at least temporarily) with little or no conscious effort.

Inattentional blindness

Automatic processing

Sensory adaptation

Selective attention

1 points

QUESTION 16

While reading a friend’s status update on a social networking site, Cory ignores the scrolling newsfeed and the changing advertisements on the right side of the screen. Cory is demonstrating:

sensory adaptation.

automatic processing.

inattentional blindness.

selective attention.

1 points

QUESTION 17

Every morning, Lamont almost falls asleep in the shower. He has low energy levels early in the day, but they build later in the day, so he finds it easy to stay up late. Lamont would be considered a(n):

morning person.

owl.

insomniac.

lark.

1 points

QUESTION 18

Research into internet “addiction” has found:

there is an “addictive potential” for certain individuals.

there is a high probability that individuals will become “addicted” to social media.

there is not an addictive potential to social media.

for individuals of a certain age group there is an “addictive potential” to social media.

1 points

QUESTION 19

Dr. Chu is conducting a presentation at a regional conference on the levels of consciousness. She could use the title _____ on her slide where she explains how to define the levels of consciousness.

“Control Over Awareness”

“Wake Versus Sleep”

“Sensory Processing Meets Unconscious Processing”

“One Task at a Time Versus Multitasking”

1 points

QUESTION 20

During _____ sleep, certain neurons in the brainstem take control of the voluntary muscles, keeping most of the body still.

REM

slow-wave

Stage N1

Stage N2

1 points

QUESTION 21

Which early psychologist believed that psychology should restrict itself to the study of observable behaviors?

Watson

Titchener

Wundt

James

1 points

QUESTION 22

Dr. Gain is a physician in an emergency room. She has treated several patients who have reported taking a drug called Wonderwow. While Dr. Gain does not know exactly what Wonderwow is, she will classify it in her report as a hallucinogen if it:

produces a sense of calm.

produces distorted perceptions.

decreases central nervous system.

increases mental clarity.

1 points

QUESTION 23

_____ is the most widely used depressant drug in the United States.

Xanax

Alcohol

Marijuana

Valium

1 points

QUESTION 24

_____ is a hallucinogen that is used in hospitals as an anesthesia because of its ability to prevent pain and to be less likely than other drugs to interfere with breathing.

PCP

Ketamine

Methamphetamine

LSD

1 points

QUESTION 25

Lamar is overweight and has a significant amount of excess tissue in the back of his throat that collapses and blocks off his airway when he enters into deep sleep. He is excessively sleepy during the day. Lamar suffers from:

obstruction sleep apnea hypopnea.

sleep terrors.

narcolepsy.

insomnia.

1 points

QUESTION 26

Skip would like his partner to stop leaving shaving cream and stubble in the sink after he shaves in the morning. At first, Skip complains to his partner about the mess. Then Skip changes tactics; he thanks his partner on the occasional mornings when he rinses out the sink. Skip has changed from using _____ to using _____.

positive punishment; positive reinforcement

negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement

negative reinforcement; negative punishment

positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement

1 points

QUESTION 27

The positive consequences that Cesar Millan experiences from training humans to better understand their dogs influence him to continue training people and rehabilitating dogs. This is an example of:

classical conditioning.

operant conditioning.

observational learning.

higher order conditioning.

1 points

QUESTION 28

_____ is credited for laying the foundation for the study of aggressive behavior in children due to the observation of others.

Watson

Bandura

Thorndike

Skinner

1 points

QUESTION 29

Operant conditioning is associated with:

Pavlov

Watson.

Bandura.

Skinner.

1 points

QUESTION 30

Classical conditioning applies to _____ behavior and involves associations between _____.

involuntary; stimuli

voluntary; stimuli

involuntary; behavior and consequences

voluntary; behavior and consequences

1 points

QUESTION 31

Hattice wears a face mask during the COVID-19 pandemic to avoid being shunned by her co-workers. In this case wearing a face mask is a _____ reinforcer.

positive

unconditioned

ratio

negative

1 points

QUESTION 32

Kate has a kind of picture in her head of her hometown, a mental representation of its layout and the location of key landmarks such as rivers, buildings, freeways, and parks. This representation is called:

a spontaneous recovery.

latent learning.

a cognitive map.

observational learning.

1 points

QUESTION 33

Dr. Rodney wants to use partial reinforcement schedules to encourage students to take advantage of weekly online practice quizzes on her course website. In order to get the most students to complete the greatest number of weekly practice quizzes, Dr. Rodney should:

deduct 5 points from everyone’s total points if no quizzes are completed.

award 1 bonus point for every 2 online practice quizzes completed.

award 1 bonus point every 2 weeks if 2 or more quizzes have been completed.

award 1 bonus point if 2 or more quizzes have been completed after unpredictable amounts of time.

1 points

QUESTION 34

_____ experiments showed that cats placed in a puzzle box took less time to trigger a latch and escape from the box as the number of learning trials increased.

Skinner’s

Thorndike’s

Pavlov’s

Freud’s

1 points

QUESTION 35

Skinner’s students Keller and Marian Breland found that animals tend to revert to behaviors consistent with their instincts, a(n) _____ conditioning phenomenon called _____.

operant; instinctive drift

classical; higher order conditioning

operant; higher order conditioning

classical; instinctive drift

1 points

QUESTION 36

One reason Carlos continues to work at his job is the paycheck he receives every two weeks. Carlos’ paycheck is a(n) _____ reinforcer, because it is associated with his ability to feed himself.

unconditioned

conditioned

primary

secondary

1 points

QUESTION 37

In a Skinner box, a rat escapes painful electric shock by pressing a lever. The rat’s bar-pressing behavior is conditioned through:

positive punishment.

positive reinforcement.

negative punishment.

negative reinforcement.

1 points

QUESTION 38

Police in Mumbai, India found a way to reduce excessive car honking at red lights. Every time the sound level reached 85 decibels the red light would reset and the drivers had to wait longer. The purpose of this was to reduce the unwanted behavior of car honking by the addition of more wait time. This is an example of:

positive punishment.

classical conditioning.

positive reinforcement.

negative reinforcement.

1 points

QUESTION 39

Elsa is a community safety officer in her town. She plans to use negative reinforcement to get people to buckle their seat belts when driving a car by:

giving warnings at first, and then tickets to drivers who do not buckle their seat belts.

taking the licenses away from drivers who do not buckle their seat belts.

giving tickets to drivers who do not buckle their seat belts.

installing a device in cars that makes an annoying beeping sound if seat belts are unbuckled.

1 points

QUESTION 40

The psychologist _____ taught pigeons to play tennis using _____.

Skinner; modeling

Pavlov; modeling

Pavlov; shaping

Skinner; shaping

1 points

QUESTION 41

The sudden awareness of a problem’s solution is called:

insight.

latent learning.

reinforcement.

operant conditioning.

1 points

QUESTION 42

Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to behavior that benefits others.

operant

prosocial

shaping

observational

1 points

QUESTION 43

When you gaze into your dog’s eyes, both you and the dog release _____ which plays an important role in social bonding.

glutamate

serotonin

oxytocin

dopamine

1 points

QUESTION 44

John Garcia’s research was designed to help protect wildlife. Garcia’s research is considered _____ research.

applied

basic

survey

observational

1 points

QUESTION 45

When examining the correlation between media exposure and aggression it can be noted that parents may play a role in the results. This presents the issue of:

observer bias.

experimenter bias.

the third variable.

the placebo effect.

1 points

QUESTION 46

Sue is trying to give her friends a good example of effective negative reinforcement. To do so, she describes how:

Maria buys a different brand of cigarettes to get two packs for the price of one.

Nate no longer arrives late at work following a reprimand from his boss.

Vanna fastens her seatbelt as soon as she gets in her car to stop the annoying alert sound.

Drake no longer cuts class because his parents took away his video game system.

1 points

QUESTION 47

An undesired behavior is decreased by:

positive punishment and positive reinforcement.

negative reinforcement and negative punishment.

positive punishment and negative punishment.

negative reinforcement and positive punishment.

1 points

QUESTION 48

Edward Thorndike conducted experiments which showed that cats placed in a puzzle box took less time to trigger a latch and escape from the box as the number of learning trials increased. This represents:

shaping.

the law of effect.

the law of behaviorism.

instinctive drift.

1 points

QUESTION 49

A consequence that increases the likelihood that the preceding behavior will be repeated is called a(n):

unconditioned stimulus.

punisher.

reinforcer.

conditioned response.

1 points

QUESTION 50

Thanos has an app on his cell phone that allows him to earn points whenever he buys food from a certain restaurant. The points can be used later to purchase additional food items from the restaurant. The points serve as a(n) _____ for Thanos’ buying behavior.

conditioned response

negative reinforcer

positive reinforcer

unconditioned stimulus

Research has found that school-aged children need a minimum of…

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