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SY-530 and PSY-550 Research Proposal assignments, submit a six…
SY-530 and PSY-550 Research Proposal assignments, submit a six hundred word summary of your proposal. The summary must include the following:
Part 1 (Introduction, Literature Review, and Research Questions/Hypotheses)
Introduction: Title, description of what will be researched, an explanation of why the research is important to the field of psychology, and an explanation of how respect for persons, beneficence, and justice will be upheld and the process for informed consent.
Literature Review: An analysis of the literature review detailing findings from 8-10 scholarly, empirical, peer-reviewed references published within the past 5 – 7 years.
Research Questions/Hypotheses: Presentation of research questions and hypotheses.
Part 2 (Methods and Data Collection, Hypothetical Findings, Suggestions for Future Research, Conclusion, and References)
Methods and Data Collection: An explanation of the method (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed), data collection method, sample, instrumentation, and the statistical analysis used to test the hypotheses, if quantitative, or the data analysis method if qualitative.
Hypothetical Findings: A verbal or graphical presentation of the findings and an explanation of how the findings rejected or failed to reject the null hypotheses (if applicable) and answered the research questions.
Suggestions for Future Research: Suggestions for future research based on the hypothetical findings.
The Research paper is below
The issue of vaccine hesitancy is a major problem since it prevents people from getting immunization that protects them from infectious diseases before the person develops the disease. As a result, the diseases spread more, leading to a greater burden of disease, higher healthcare costs, absent days, loss of productivity, and so on. As adage goes, prevention is better than cure, similar immunization acts as a form of primary prevention.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic brought the world to a halt as countries suffered from the increasing number of cases, mass deaths, and economic slowdown. However, modern medical science develops vaccinations against the disease which were shared across the world (Siegler et al., 2021). However, despite the severity of sickness, there are many people who are hesitant to get their vaccination, slowing the fight against COVID-19. Thus, vaccine hesitancy is a major problem in the current scenario of a global pandemic (Coustasse et al., 2020; Nossier, 2021). Thus, the research question can be what factors cause people to be hesitant towards life-saving vaccines?
Machingaidze and Wiysonge (2021) studied vaccine hesitancy across low, middle, and high-income countries and found that it is important to communicate what is known and acknowledging what is uncertain is important to address the hesitancy regarding the new vaccines. Solís-Arce et al. (2021) found that vaccine hesitancy is higher in high-income countries such as the US compared to low and middle-income countries of Africa and Asia. Coustasse, Kimble, and Maxik (2020) suggested that political leaders play an important role. Thus, there is a need to explore the various factors that cause and maintain vaccine hesitancy.
Annotated Bibliography
Adhikari, B., & Cheah, P. Y. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy in the COVID-19 era. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21(8), 1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00390-x
The study suggests that vaccine hesitancy in the west is based on socio-cultural and historical context such as racism, neglect, history of discrimination against minorities by medicine, and so on had led to widespread distrust in vaccines by the minority communities. Thus, a sociological perspective also needs to be adopted to address the issue of vaccine hesitancy.
Coustasse, A., Kimble, C., & Maxik, K. (2020). COVID-19 and Vaccine Hesitancy. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 44(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1097/jac.0000000000000360
The research studied the role of political leaders in vaccine hesitancy in the US as the skepticism and doubt remain unaddressed. As a result, there is the threat of repeated contagion and difficulty in controlling the spread of infection. Thus, the study shows the role of political leaders in addressing vaccine hesitancy.
Machingaidze, S., & Wiysonge, C. S. (2021). Understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Nature Medicine, 27(8), 1338-1339. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01459-7
The researchers studied the issue of vaccine hesitancy regarding the COVID-19 vaccine in low and middle-income countries and found that the major reason is the uncertainty around the new vaccines. This shows that communication can play a key role in addressing vaccine hesitancy.
Nossier, S. A. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy: the greatest threat to COVID-19 vaccination programs. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 96(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00081-2
The study highlighted the grave threat that vaccine hesitancy can have for countries and the urgency of resolving it as the vaccines are available, but wide coverage is missing. These two are necessary for effective vaccination.
Siegler, A. J., Luisi, N., Hall, E. W., Bradley, H., Sanchez, T., Lopman, B. A., & Sullivan, P. S. (2021). Trajectory of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Over Time and Association of Initial Vaccine Hesitancy with Subsequent Vaccination. JAMA Network Open, 4(9), e2126882. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.26882
The study found that vaccine hesitancy falls after some time as well as for the second dose after successfully getting the first dose as the experience with the vaccine plays a role. Thus, there is scope for planning an intervention based on exposure.
Solís Arce, J. S., Warren, S. S., Meriggi, N. F., Scacco, A., McMurry, N., Voors, M., Syunyaev, G., Malik, A. A., Aboutajdine, S., Adeojo, O., Anigo, D., Armand, A., Asad, S., Atyera, M., Augsburg, B., Awasthi, M., Ayesiga, G. E., Bancalari, A., Björkman Nyqvist, M., . . . Omer, S. B. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries. Nature Medicine, 27(8), 1385-1394. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01454-y
The study compared the extent of vaccine hesitancy in high, low, and middle-income countries and found that vaccine hesitancy rates are higher in high-income countries such as the USA and Russia. Comparatively, low and middle-income countries of Asia, Africa, and South America had a higher acceptance rate towards the new COVID-19 vaccines. This suggests that economic factors such as income also play a role in determining vaccine hesitancy.
