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What is an Oedipus complex, in Freud’s theory of human psychosexual…
What is an Oedipus complex, in Freud’s theory of human psychosexual development?
a. failure to escape the phallic stage, resulting in promiscuity and other negative behavior patterns
b. a girl’s adopting her mother’s behavior and values, because the girl cannot have her father
c. the resentment a girl feels toward her mother, blaming the mother for the girl’s lack of a penis
d. the attraction a boy feels toward his mother, along with the resentment toward his father
According to Freud, the genital stage of development:
a. lasts until an infant is 1.5 years old.
b. is the first psychosexual stage.
c. focuses on the reawakening of sexuality.
d. includes a latency period.
Six-month-old Clemens is energetic when happy but often fussy and irritable. In contrast, his older brother was typically calm and placid as a baby, but passive and often timid. This example illustrates differences in:
a. homeostasis.
b. temperament.
c. mood.
d. personality.
Aris has just taken over a counseling practice from a therapist who is retiring. Noticing that his predecessor did not make a habit of doing personality assessments, Aris decides to work a personality assessment into his first interview with each client. What advantage does the interview format offer over more objective personality assessment formats?
a. Interviews would allow Aris to identify the clients’ stable personality traits.
b. Interviews will force Aris’ clients to be honest.
c. Interviews would allow Aris to observe body language to gain more insight.
d. Interviews typically have strong predictive value.
Alfred Adler’s theory of individual psychology focuses on:
a. an adolescent’s desire for a partner and a relationship.
b. each person’s unique struggle with feelings of inferiority.
c. feelings of loss and jealousy.
d. sexual feelings and awareness of self.
After Saifa’s undescended testes were removed, he was put on female hormones. How did he feel about this?
a. He was unhappy, because he wanted his body to develop both male and female characteristics.
b. He was happy, because the hormone therapy relieved the physical pain he had been in.
c. He was unhappy, because at the time he identified as male and wanted to be completely male.
d. He was happy, because at the time he identified as female and wanted to be completely female.
Maslow and Rogers, pioneers of the humanistic perspective, felt that the psychoanalytic and behaviorist approaches were too:
a. focused on personality.
b. unscientific.
c. focused on cognition.
d. mechanistic.
The term self-concept describes the:
a. subjective conditions of worth that each person measures themselves against.
b. version of an ideal self each person fervently strives to achieve over the course of their lifetime.
c. unconditional positive regard a person uses as motivation when facing challenges in life.
d. knowledge an individual has about their strengths, abilities, behavior patterns, and temperament.
Kabir has an idea for a new movie in which a brave hero must overcome the odds to win the affections of a woman he loves. According to Jung, Kabir does not realize that this idea comes from his:
a. manifest content.
b. personal unconscious.
c. collective unconscious.
d. preconscious.
According to the social-cognitive perspective, _____ influences cognition and environment.
a. archetype
b. ego
c. collective unconscious
d. behavior
Elin is thinking of using the Thematic Apperception Test in her new clinical practice. If she decides to use this test, then she should consider it as a technique that:
a. builds objectivity into her personality assessment of a new client.
b. is highly efficient and has strong reliability but questionable validity.
c. begins to form a picture of a new client.
d. is highly valid when assessing women but has low validity when assessing men.
The drive to grow and improve that Saifa showed throughout his life is consistent with the _____ perspective.
a. humanistic
b. psychoanalytic
c. behavioral
d. trait
Some studies suggest that infections during pregnancy that require hospitalization of the mother may heighten a baby’s risk for developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by:
a. 50%.
b. 20%.
c. 30%.
d. 40%.
Drugs that block the receptor sites for dopamine are often successful in reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia. Such drugs are known as:
a. hallucinogens.
b. opioids.
c. agonists.
d. antagonists.
A major difference between grief and depression is that grief tends to _____, whereas depression tends to _____.
a. come in waves and decrease over time; remain steady
b. come on unexpectedly; come on predictably
c. be all-or-nothing; a matter of degree
d. rise gradually, peak, and subside; come and go more rapidly
Schizophrenia is a _____ psychological disorder, meaning that it is _____.
a. universal; only found in certain societies
b. universal; found throughout the world
c. cultural; found throughout the world
d. cultural; only found in certain societies
_____ consists of constantly focusing on one’s negative mood and the possible causes and consequences of depressed feelings.
a. Compulsion
b. Obsession
c. Rumination
d. Comorbidity
One way to target stigma attached to mental illness at the self-stigma level would be to:
a. talk openly about mental illness.
b. get involved in government.
c. focus on the positive.
d. use people-first language.
Martin Seligman suggested that when people are depressed, they often demonstrate learned helplessness, which tends to produce:
a. aggressive behavior.
b. rumination.
c. mania.
d. passive behavior.
