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Which of the following substances directly competes with the…
Which of the following substances directly competes with the neuromodulator adenosine?
Group of answer choices
Cocaine
Alcohol
Nicotine
Caffeine
Flag question: Question 32Question 322 pts
Stress can increase an individual’s response to drugs like amphetamines, alcohol, and cocaine, and may
contribute to these individuals becoming addicted to these drugs. This effect of stress is referred to as:
Group of answer choices
homeostatic regulation
cross-tolerance
cross-sensitization
learned tolerance
Flag question: Question 33Question 332 pts
The dose-response curve below demonstrates two drugs that differ in:
Group of answer choices
efficacy
both potency and efficacy
potency
conductance
Flag question: Question 34Question 342 pts
One perspective on addiction proposes that a feature shared by all is that they
Group of answer choices
produce strong feelings of relaxation
have strong rewarding properties.
produce strong withdrawal symptoms
evoke strong activity in the brain.
Flag question: Question 35Question 352 pts
Opiates:
Group of answer choices
can activate brain systems involved in “wanting”.
all answers are true.
can activate brain systems involved in “liking”.
elevate levels of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens.
Flag question: Question 36Question 362 pts
Steroid hormones such as testosterone:
Group of answer choices
act like neurotransmitters and activate presynaptic transmitter release.
are synthesized from cholesterol and are fat soluble.
are also known as homeostatic hormones.
also include insulin and endorphins.
Flag question: Question 37Question 372 pts
With repeated drug use and the development of addiction, wanting the drug tends to _____ and liking the drug tends to ______.
Group of answer choices
increase; decrease
decrease; also decrease
decrease; increase
increase; also increase
Flag question: Question 38Question 382 pts
The hormone cortisol is secreted from the
Group of answer choices
adrenal medulla.
adrenal cortex.
hypothalamus.
anterior pituitary.
Flag question: Question 39Question 392 pts
An increase in ________ is evidence for ___________.
Group of answer choices
dependence; tolerance
tolerance; dependence
withdrawal; dependence
tolerance; addiction
Flag question: Question 40Question 402 pts
_____ is a decreased response to a drug over time.
Group of answer choices
Dependence
Sensitization
Addiction
Tolerance
Flag question: Question 41Question 412 pts
The posterior pituitary:
Group of answer choices
contains the cell bodies of oxytocin neurosecretory cells.
releases “releasing hormones”into the bloodstream.
releases “trophic hormones”into the bloodstream.
contains the axon terminals of vasopressin neurosecretory cells.
Flag question: Question 42Question 422 pts
Loss of control is a key indicator of:
Group of answer choices
withdrawal
sensitization
tolerance
addiction
Flag question: Question 43Question 432 pts
A contraction of the mammary glands is called _______ and is regulated by __________.
Group of answer choices
the milk letdown reflex; leutinizing hormone
the periovulatory reflex; leutinizing hormone
the nursing reflex; oxytocin
the milk letdown reflex; oxytocin
Flag question: Question 44Question 442 pts
The _____ system produced the subjective feelings associated with wanting (or craving).
Group of answer choices
cholinergic
dopamine
serotonin
opiate
Flag question: Question 45Question 452 pts
Peptide hormones typically affect another cell by
Group of answer choices
causing their dendrites to extend or contract.
binding to receptors on the cell membrane.
binding to DNA and altering gene expression.
entering the cell and providing a source of metabolic energy.
